在音視頻開發(fā)中，錄音當然是必不可少的。首先我們要學會單獨的錄音功能，當然這里說的錄音是指用AudioRecord來錄音，讀取錄音原始數(shù)據(jù)，讀到的就是所謂的PCM數(shù)據(jù)。對于錄音來說，最重要的幾個參數(shù)要搞明白：

1、simpleRate采樣率，采樣率就是采樣頻率，每秒鐘記錄多少個樣本。

2、channelConfig通道配置，其實就是所謂的單通道，雙通道之類的，AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO單通道，AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO雙通道，這里只列了這兩種，還有其它的，可自行查閱。

3、audioFormat音頻格式，其實就是采樣的精度，每個樣本的位數(shù)，AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT每個樣本占8位，AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT每個樣本占16位，這里也只用了這兩個，別的沒研究。

在學習過程中會用到的一些參數(shù)，我這里封裝了一個類，如下

public class AudioParams { enum Format { SINGLE_8_BIT, DOUBLE_8_BIT, SINGLE_16_BIT, DOUBLE_16_BIT } private Format format; int simpleRate; AudioParams(int simpleRate, Format f) { this.simpleRate = simpleRate; this.format = f; } AudioParams(int simpleRate, int channelCount, int bits) { this.simpleRate = simpleRate; set(channelCount, bits); } int getBits() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.DOUBLE_8_BIT) ? 8 : 16; } int getEncodingFormat() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.DOUBLE_8_BIT) ? AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT : AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT; } int getChannelCount() {return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.SINGLE_16_BIT) ? 1 : 2;} int getChannelConfig() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.SINGLE_16_BIT) ? AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO : AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO; } int getOutChannelConfig() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.SINGLE_16_BIT) ? AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO : AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO; } void set(int channelCount, int bits) { if ((channelCount != 1 && channelCount != 2) || (bits != 8 && bits != 16)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('不支持其它格式 channelCount=$channelCount bits=$bits'); } if (channelCount == 1) { if (bits == 8) {format = Format.SINGLE_8_BIT; } else {format = Format.SINGLE_16_BIT; } } else { if (bits == 8) {format = Format.DOUBLE_8_BIT; } else {format = Format.DOUBLE_16_BIT; } } }}

這里固定使用了單通道8位，雙通道8位，單通道16位，雙通道16位，所以用了枚舉來限制。

為了方便把錄音數(shù)據(jù)拿出來顯示、存儲，這里寫了一個回調(diào)方法如下

public interface RecordCallback { /** * 數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào) * * @param bytes 數(shù)據(jù) * @param len 數(shù)據(jù)有效長度，-1時表示數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束 */ void onRecord(byte[] bytes, int len); }

有了這些參數(shù)，現(xiàn)在就可以錄音了，先看一下樣例

public void startRecord(AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int simpleRate = params.simpleRate; int channelConfig = params.getChannelConfig(); int audioFormat = params.getEncodingFormat(); // 根據(jù)AudioRecord提供的api拿到最小緩存大小 int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat); //創(chuàng)建Record對象 record = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat, bufferSize); recordThread = new Thread(() -> { byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize]; record.startRecording(); recording = true; while (recording) {int read = record.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);// 將數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào)到外部if (read > 0 && callback != null) { callback.onRecord(buffer, read);} } if (callback != null) {// len 為-1時表示結(jié)束callback.onRecord(buffer, -1);recording = false; } //釋放資源 release(); }); recordThread.start(); }

這個方法就是簡單的采集音頻數(shù)據(jù)，這個數(shù)據(jù)就是最原始的pcm數(shù)據(jù)。

拿到pcm數(shù)據(jù)以后，如果直接保存到文件是無法直接播放的，因為這只是一堆數(shù)據(jù)，沒有任何格式說明，如果想讓普通播放器可以播放，需要在文件中加入文件頭，來告訴播放器這個數(shù)據(jù)的格式，這里是直接保存成wav格式的數(shù)據(jù)。下面就是加入wav格式文件頭的方法

private static byte[] getWaveFileHeader(int totalDataLen, int sampleRate, int channelCount, int bits) { byte[] header = new byte[44]; // RIFF/WAVE header header[0] = ’R’; header[1] = ’I’; header[2] = ’F’; header[3] = ’F’; int fileLength = totalDataLen + 36; header[4] = (byte) (fileLength & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) (fileLength >> 8 & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) (fileLength >> 16 & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) (fileLength >> 24 & 0xff); //WAVE header[8] = ’W’; header[9] = ’A’; header[10] = ’V’; header[11] = ’E’; // ’fmt ’ chunk header[12] = ’f’; header[13] = ’m’; header[14] = ’t’; header[15] = ’ ’; // 4 bytes: size of ’fmt ’ chunk header[16] = 16; header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; // pcm format = 1 header[20] = 1; header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channelCount; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (sampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 24 & 0xff); int byteRate = sampleRate * bits * channelCount / 8; header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) (byteRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) (byteRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) (byteRate >> 24 & 0xff); // block align header[32] = (byte) (channelCount * bits / 8); header[33] = 0; // bits per sample header[34] = (byte) bits; header[35] = 0; //data header[36] = ’d’; header[37] = ’a’; header[38] = ’t’; header[39] = ’a’; header[40] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 8 & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 16 & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 24 & 0xff); return header; }

根據(jù)幾個參數(shù)設(shè)置一下文件頭，然后直接寫入錄音采集到的pcm數(shù)據(jù)，就可被正常播放了。wav文件頭格式定義，可點擊這里查看或自行百度。

如果想要通過AudioRecord錄音直接保存到文件，可參考下面方法

public void startRecord(String filePath, AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int channelCount = params.getChannelCount(); int bits = params.getBits(); final boolean storeFile = filePath != null && !filePath.isEmpty(); startRecord(params, (bytes, len) -> { if (storeFile) {if (file == null) { File f = new File(filePath); if (f.exists()) { f.delete(); } try { file = new RandomAccessFile(f, 'rw'); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(0, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}if (len > 0) { try { file.write(bytes, 0, len); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }} else { try { // 因為在前面已經(jīng)寫入頭信息，所以這里要減去頭信息才是數(shù)據(jù)的長度 int length = (int) file.length() - 44; file.seek(0); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(length, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); file.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }} } if (callback != null) {callback.onRecord(bytes, len); } }); }

先通過RandomAccessFile創(chuàng)建文件，先寫入文件頭，由于暫時我們不知道會錄多長，有多少pcm數(shù)據(jù)，長度先用0表示，等錄音結(jié)束后，通過seek(int)方法重新寫入文件頭信息，也可以先把pcm數(shù)據(jù)保存到臨時文件，然后再寫入到一個新的文件中，這里就不舉例說明了。

最后放入完整類的代碼

package cn.sskbskdrin.record.audio;import android.media.AudioRecord;import android.media.MediaRecorder;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.RandomAccessFile;/** * @author sskbskdrin * @date 2019/April/3 */public class AudioRecordManager { private AudioParams DEFAULT_FORMAT = new AudioParams(8000, 1, 16); private AudioRecord record; private Thread recordThread; private boolean recording = false; private RandomAccessFile file; public void startRecord(String filePath, RecordCallback callback) { startRecord(filePath, DEFAULT_FORMAT, callback); } public void startRecord(String filePath, AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int channelCount = params.getChannelCount(); int bits = params.getBits(); final boolean storeFile = filePath != null && !filePath.isEmpty(); startRecord(params, (bytes, len) -> { if (storeFile) {if (file == null) { File f = new File(filePath); if (f.exists()) { f.delete(); } try { file = new RandomAccessFile(f, 'rw'); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(0, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}if (len > 0) { try { file.write(bytes, 0, len); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }} else { try { // 因為在前面已經(jīng)寫入頭信息，所以這里要減去頭信息才是數(shù)據(jù)的長度 int length = (int) file.length() - 44; file.seek(0); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(length, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); file.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }} } if (callback != null) {callback.onRecord(bytes, len); } }); } public void startRecord(AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int simpleRate = params.simpleRate; int channelConfig = params.getChannelConfig(); int audioFormat = params.getEncodingFormat(); // 根據(jù)AudioRecord提供的api拿到最小緩存大小 int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat); //創(chuàng)建Record對象 record = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat, bufferSize); recordThread = new Thread(() -> { byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize]; record.startRecording(); recording = true; while (recording) {int read = record.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);// 將數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào)到外部if (read > 0 && callback != null) { callback.onRecord(buffer, read);} } if (callback != null) {// len 為-1時表示結(jié)束callback.onRecord(buffer, -1);recording = false; } //釋放資源 release(); }); recordThread.start(); } public void stop() { recording = false; } public void release() { recording = false; if (record != null) { record.stop(); record.release(); } record = null; file = null; recordThread = null; } private static byte[] getWaveFileHeader(int totalDataLen, int sampleRate, int channelCount, int bits) { byte[] header = new byte[44]; // RIFF/WAVE header header[0] = ’R’; header[1] = ’I’; header[2] = ’F’; header[3] = ’F’; int fileLength = totalDataLen + 36; header[4] = (byte) (fileLength & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) (fileLength >> 8 & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) (fileLength >> 16 & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) (fileLength >> 24 & 0xff); //WAVE header[8] = ’W’; header[9] = ’A’; header[10] = ’V’; header[11] = ’E’; // ’fmt ’ chunk header[12] = ’f’; header[13] = ’m’; header[14] = ’t’; header[15] = ’ ’; // 4 bytes: size of ’fmt ’ chunk header[16] = 16; header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; // pcm format = 1 header[20] = 1; header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channelCount; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (sampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 24 & 0xff); int byteRate = sampleRate * bits * channelCount / 8; header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) (byteRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) (byteRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) (byteRate >> 24 & 0xff); // block align header[32] = (byte) (channelCount * bits / 8); header[33] = 0; // bits per sample header[34] = (byte) bits; header[35] = 0; //data header[36] = ’d’; header[37] = ’a’; header[38] = ’t’; header[39] = ’a’; header[40] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 8 & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 16 & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 24 & 0xff); return header; } public interface RecordCallback { /** * 數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào) * * @param bytes 數(shù)據(jù) * @param len 數(shù)據(jù)有效長度，-1時表示數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束 */ void onRecord(byte[] bytes, int len); }}

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