原文:http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2004/12/09/three_tier.htmlThree-Tier Development with PHP 5by Luis Yordano Cruz12/09/2004

此文演示了PHP三層開發(fā)的強(qiáng)大功能,PEAR::DB_DataObject用于業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,Smarty用于顯示邏輯,這里假設(shè)你熟

悉了HTML,Smarty,PEAR::DB_DataObject,Mysql和PHP5.如果你需要補(bǔ)充知識(shí),下面的文章解釋了一些原理:

用PHP DataObject簡化業(yè)務(wù)邏輯Smarty簡介:一個(gè)PHP模板引擎PHP可伸縮性:Myth

你應(yīng)該已安裝和配置好了Apache,MySQL,和PHP5(或者IIS,MySQL5和PHP)

PEAR::DB_DataObjectPEAR::DB_DataObject 是一個(gè)用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問的抽象API.它是一個(gè)基于PEAR::DB的SQL構(gòu)建器和數(shù)據(jù)建模層.它

把數(shù)據(jù)庫表映射到PHP類并且提供像SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,和DELETE這樣的公共SQL函數(shù).這使即使不了

解SQL的開發(fā)者也可以寫出好的數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問代碼,并且鼓勵(lì)演示邏輯和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯有一個(gè)清晰的分離.

(DB_OO已經(jīng)移動(dòng)到的PEAR,現(xiàn)在是DB_DataObject,如果你有老的代碼要更新,查看關(guān)于從老的db_oo代碼更新到

DB_DataObjects的注釋).

相關(guān)閱讀Upgrading to PHP 5By Adam Trachtenberg

Table of ContentsIndexSample Chapter

Read Online--Safari Search this book on Safari: Only This Book All of SafariCode Fragments only; DataObject performs two tasks. First, it builds SQL statements based on the object's variables and the builder

methods. Second, it acts as a datastore for a table row. There's a core class, which you extend for each of

your tables so that you put the data logic inside the data classes. There's also an included Generator to make

your configuration files and your base classes.

DataObject 執(zhí)行兩個(gè)任務(wù).第一,它構(gòu)建基于對(duì)象變量的SQL語句和構(gòu)建器方法.第二,它作為數(shù)據(jù)庫表的數(shù)據(jù)存

儲(chǔ).這里有個(gè)核心類,對(duì)于每個(gè)表繼承它,以使你把數(shù)據(jù)邏輯放入數(shù)據(jù)類中.這里還包括一個(gè)生成器,

DataObject 極大的簡化了數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問代碼,它使開發(fā)大型的,數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的站點(diǎn)更加容易.

At present, Alan Knowles, the lead developer of PEAR::DB_DataObject, is working on a new project called DBDO,

a C implementation of the PEAR package DB_DataObjects, based on libgda. His goal is to create the next

generation of PEAR::DB_DataObjects.

SMARTY

Smarty是一個(gè)從web頁演示中分離內(nèi)容的PHP模板引擎.它使用GPL許可.

Large projects commonly separate the role of the graphic designer from that of the programmer. However,

programming in PHP has the tendency to combine those two roles in a person and inside the code. This can bring

difficulties when it comes time to change some part of the page's design. If the page mixes content and

presentation, the developer has to crawl through the program to find the presentation. Smarty helps to solve

this problem.

Combining the TwoThe first thing to do when starting this project is to create a workspace in which to store the project's code.

Then it's time to configure PEAR::DB_DataObject to connect to the MySQL database MySQL (name: example),

map the database tables to PHP classes, and then configure Smarty for the presentation tier for the user. Here

are those steps in more detail:

創(chuàng)建工作環(huán)境

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)叫做dataobjects的目錄.

從命令行安裝PEAR::DB_DataObject,鍵入:>pear install Date>pear install DB_DataObject>pear list

INSTALLED PACKAGES:===================PACKAGE VERSION;STATEArchive_Tar;;;;1.2;;;stableConsole_Getopt;1.2;;;stable DB;;;;;1.6.5;stableDB_DataObject;;1.7.1;stable; *(Goal)Date;;;1.4.3;stableMail;;;1.1.3;stableNet_SMTP; 1.2.6;stableNet_Socket;;;;;1.0.2;stablePEAR;;;1.3.1;stablePHPUnit1.0.1;stableXML_Parser;;;;;1.2.0;stableXML_RPC1.1.0;stable

安裝和配置Smarty

從下載開始,(我使用2.6.5版的Smarty)解壓到你自己的目錄.從它的libs目錄中把Smarty.class.php,

Smarty_Compiler.class.php, Config_File.class.php, and debug.tpl文件復(fù)制到dataobjects目錄中.

還要復(fù)制core和plugins目錄和其中所有的內(nèi)容.創(chuàng)建幾個(gè)新的目錄,命名為templates, templates_c, configs,

和cache.

最后dataobjects目錄包含:

|---- cache|---- configs|---- core|---- plugins|---- templates|---- templates_c

11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> .11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> ..11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> cache11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> configs11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> core11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> plugins11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> templates11/10/2004; 11:17 a.m.;<DIR> templates_c07/09/2004; 09:48 a.m.; 13,105 Config_File.class.php16/04/2004; 03:03 a.m.; 5,117 debug.tpl10/09/2004; 02:15 p.m.; 65,350 Smarty.class.php10/09/2004; 07:14 p.m.; 90,924 Smarty_Compiler.class.php 4 archivos;;;;;174,496 bytes 8 dirs6,699,454,464 bytes libres

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為example的數(shù)據(jù)庫,它包含一個(gè)名為User的表,不必?fù)?dān)心模式,稍后我們會(huì)創(chuàng)建.

配置PEAR::DB_DataObject要構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象,創(chuàng)建下面的文件

configDB.php<?phprequire_once 'DB/DataObject.php';$config = parse_ini_file('example.ini',TRUE);

foreach($config as $class=>$values) { $options = &PEAR::getStaticProperty($class,'options'); $options = $values;}?>

此腳本基于example配置文件中的值創(chuàng)建一個(gè)到數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接,顯示如下.

example.ini[DB_DataObject]database = mysql://root:@localhost/exampleschema_location; = /dataobjects/schema/class_location= /dataobjects/require_prefix= /dataobjects/class_prefix;;= DataObjects_extends_location = DB/DataObject.phpextends; = DB_DataObject

自動(dòng)構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)庫模式

包含兩個(gè)過程,構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的對(duì)象-關(guān)系映射,和從example數(shù)據(jù)庫user表中自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)類.在表中的所有字段

名將成為類成員變量.

創(chuàng)建適當(dāng)?shù)哪Ｊ?

C:PHPPEARDBDataObject>C:PHPphp.exe createTables.php C:dataobjectsexample.ini

這將生成User.php文件:

<?php/*** Table Definition for user* www.mypchelp.cn*/require_once 'DB/DataObject.php';

class DataObjects_User extends DB_DataObject { ###START_AUTOCODE

/* the code below is auto generated do not remove the above tag */ var $__table = 'user';;;;;// table name var $user_Id // int(11); not_null primary_key auto_increment var $first_Name;;;// string(30); not_null var $last_Name;;;;// string(40); not_null var $email// string(100); not_null

/* Static get */ function staticGet($k,$v=NULL) { return DB_DataObject::staticGet('DataObjects_User',$k,$v);}

/* the code above is auto generated do not remove the tag below */ ###END_AUTOCODE}?>

它還會(huì)為user表模式生成example.ini配置文件:

[user]user_Id;= 129first_Name = 130last_Name; = 130email;;;= 130

[user__keys]user_Id = N

Smarty filesIt's time to create several files for Smarty:

Smarty文件現(xiàn)在是創(chuàng)建幾個(gè)Smarty文件的時(shí)候了:

include.php1 <?2require('Smarty.class.php');3$smarty = new Smarty;4$smarty->template_dir = 'templates/';5$smarty->compile_dir; = 'templates_c/';6$smarty->config_dir= 'configs/';7$smarty->cache_dir;=; 'cache/';?>

此腳本實(shí)例化了一個(gè)新Smarty對(duì)象.設(shè)置Smarty屬性.

index.php1 <? 2; require('include.php');3; $smarty->assign('TITLE','ACCESS MySQL DATABASE IN THREE TIERS WITH PHP');4; $smarty->assign('HEADER','WHAT WISH DO ?');5; $smarty->display('index.tpl');?>

給Smarty模板分配變量.

insert.php1; <? 2; require('include.php'); 3; $smarty->assign('TITLE','INSERT DATA'); 4; $smarty->assign('HEADER','Insert Data'); 5; $smarty->assign('data1','First Name');6; $smarty->assign('data2','Last Name');7; $smarty->assign('data3','email');8; $smarty->display('insert.tpl'); ?>

添加將在insert.tpl 使用的變量.調(diào)用模板insert.tpl .

save.php1<?2require_once('DB/DataObject.php');3require('configDB.php');4$user = DB_DataObject::factory('user');5$user->first_Name = $x;6$user->last_Name; = $y;7$user->email;;;= $z;8$user_Id = $user->insert();9$user->update();10; echo '<script>location.href='http://www.b3g6.com/bcjs/index.php'</script>';11 ?>

This script saves data by using a PEAR::DataObject for the user table. Line 2 loads the class DataObject, and

line 3 calls configdb.php to connect to the database. Line 4 creates an instance of a user object (see User.php).

Lines 5 through 7 pass the variables collected from the form in insert.tpl ($x, $y, and $z) in order to save the

data in the database. The primary key of the table is an autoincrement column, so it doesn't need a value there.

Line 8 inserts the object, and line 9 carries out an update.

view.php1; <? 2require_once('DB/DataObject.php');3require('configDB.php');4require('include.php');5$user = DB_DataObject::factory('user');6$user->find();7while ($user->fetch()) {8;;;$smarty->append('users', array( 'ID';;;;;=> $user->user_Id, 'FIRSTNAME' => $user->first_Name,;; 'LASTNAME'; => $user->last_Name,;; 'EMAIL';;=> $user->email,;; )); }9$smarty->assign('TITLE','List Users');10; $smarty->assign('HEADER','List User');11; $smarty->assign('data0','User_Id');12; $smarty->assign('data1','First Name');13; $smarty->assign('data2','Last Name');14; $smarty->assign('data3','email');15; $smarty->display('view.tpl');16; ?>

此腳本顯示所有存儲(chǔ)在user表中的數(shù)據(jù).它加載PEAR::DataObject 和include.php文件(給smarty模板分配變量).第5行創(chuàng)建一個(gè)user對(duì)象的工廠.第6行執(zhí)行find()方法.SELECT * FROM user從數(shù)據(jù)庫中檢索出了數(shù)據(jù),通

過fetch()方法為模板保存數(shù)據(jù),一次返回一條記錄.

9 到14行是分配其他的變量給Smarty.

這些文件都應(yīng)當(dāng)放在dataobjects目錄中.

對(duì)于模板,這里有index.tpl,list.tpl,和save.tpl.這里是他們的代碼:

index.tpl1; <html>2<head>3;<title>{$TITLE}</title>4;;<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'>5</head>6<table align='center'>;7;<tr> 8;;<td>9;;;;<b>{$HEADER}</b>10;</td>11</tr>12; </table>;13; <table border='1' >14<tr> 16;;<td align='center'>17;;;;<input type='button' name='insert' value='Insert'; onclick='javascript:location.href='http://www.b3g6.com/bcjs/insert.php';'>18;</td>19</tr>20<tr> 21;;<td align='center'>22;;;<input type='button' name='view' value='View' onclick='javascript:location.href='http://www.b3g6.com/bcjs/view.php';'>23</td>24</tr>25; </table>26; </body>27 </html>

站點(diǎn)主頁,它在的3行和第9行分別顯示$TITLE 和$HEADER,這些變量值是從index.php傳遞過來的.

這個(gè)腳本在web瀏覽器上生成兩個(gè)按鈕,Insert和View,他們有相應(yīng)的行為.如果用戶點(diǎn)擊Insert,系統(tǒng)將調(diào)

用Insert.php.如果用戶點(diǎn)擊View,那么view.php將被調(diào)用

insert.tpl1 <html>2; <head>3;<title>{$TITLE}</title>4;;<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'>5; </head>6; <body>7;;<form name='form1' action='save.php' method='post'>8;;;;<table border='1' >9;;;;;<tr>10; <td align='center'>11;<b>{$HEADER}</b>12 </td>13;;;;</tr>14;;;;<tr>15 <td>16{$data1}17;<input type='text' name='x'>18 </td>19;;;;</tr>20;;;;<tr>21 <td>22{$data2}23;<input type='text' name='y'>24 </td>25;;;;</tr>26;;;;<tr>27 <td>28{$data3}29;<input type='text' name='z'>30 </td>31;;;;</tr>32;;;;<tr>33; <td align='center'>34;<input type='submit' name='Submit' value='Add'>35;<input type='button' name='Reset' value='Return/Cancel' onclick='javascript:location.href='http://www.b3g6.com/bcjs/index.php';'>36; </td>37;;;;;</tr>38;;;</table>39;</form>40; </body>41 </html>

這個(gè)模板有一個(gè)表單和兩個(gè)按鈕,Add 和Return/Cancel.

用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù),first name,last name 和電子郵件字段.insert.php期望在名為x,y,z的變量中接收這些信息,用戶點(diǎn)

擊Add按鈕將運(yùn)行save.php.如果用戶點(diǎn)擊Return/Cancel,將會(huì)執(zhí)行index.php.

view.tpl1 <html>2; <head>3;<title>{$TITLE}</title>4; </head>5; <body>6<table align='center'>7;;;<tr>8 <td align='center'>9 <b>{$HEADER}</b>10;;;;</td>11;;</tr>12;;</table>13<table border='1' align='center'>14<tr>16;;;;;<td align='center'>17 <b>{$data0}</b>18;;;;</td>19;;;;;<td align='center'>20 <b>{$data1}</b>21;;;;</td>22;;;;;<td align='center'>23 <b>{$data2}</b>24;;;;</td>25;;<td align='center'>26 <b>{$data3}</b>27;;;;</td>28;;</tr>29; {section name=display loop=$users}30;;<tr>31;;;;<td>32 {$users[display].ID}33;;;;</td>34;;;;<td>35 {$users[display].FIRSTNAME}36;;;;</td>37;;;;<td>38 {$users[display].LASTNAME}39;;;;</td>40;;;;<td>41 {$users[display].EMAIL}42;;;;</td>43;;</tr>44;;{/section}45;;<br>46</table>47<br>48;<table align='center'>49;;<tr>50;;;;;<td align='center'>51; <input name='vol' type='button' value='Return'; onclick='javascript:location.href='http://www.b3g6.com/bcjs/index.php';'>52;;;;</td>53;;</tr>54</table>55; </body>56 </html>

這個(gè)模板顯示所有存儲(chǔ)在example數(shù)據(jù)庫中的所有數(shù)據(jù).

最后,Return按鈕把用戶帶回到主頁.

所有的這些(*.tpl)文件必須放在templates目錄下.