springboot+WebMagic+MyBatis爬蟲框架的使用
WebMagic是一個開源的java爬蟲框架。WebMagic框架的使用并不是本文的重點，具體如何使用請參考官方文檔：http://webmagic.io/docs/。
本文是對spring boot+WebMagic+MyBatis做了整合，使用WebMagic爬取數據，然后通過MyBatis持久化爬取的數據到mysql數據庫。本文提供的源代碼可以作為java爬蟲項目的腳手架。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>hyzx</groupId> <artifactId>qbasic-crawler</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> <parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.21.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><maven.test.skip>true</maven.test.skip><java.version>1.8</java.version><maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.8.1</maven.compiler.plugin.version><maven.resources.plugin.version>3.1.0</maven.resources.plugin.version><mysql.connector.version>5.1.47</mysql.connector.version><druid.spring.boot.starter.version>1.1.17</druid.spring.boot.starter.version><mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version>1.3.4</mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version><fastjson.version>1.2.58</fastjson.version><commons.lang3.version>3.9</commons.lang3.version><joda.time.version>2.10.2</joda.time.version><webmagic.core.version>0.7.3</webmagic.core.version> </properties> <dependencies><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.connector.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${druid.spring.boot.starter.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>${fastjson.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>${commons.lang3.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>joda-time</groupId> <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId> <version>${joda.time.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>us.codecraft</groupId> <artifactId>webmagic-core</artifactId> <version>${webmagic.core.version}</version> <exclusions><exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId></exclusion> </exclusions></dependency> </dependencies> <build><plugins> <plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version><configuration> <source>${java.version}</source> <target>${java.version}</target> <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding></configuration> </plugin> <plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId><version>${maven.resources.plugin.version}</version><configuration> <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding></configuration> </plugin> <plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration> <fork>true</fork> <addResources>true</addResources></configuration><executions> <execution><goals> <goal>repackage</goal></goals> </execution></executions> </plugin></plugins> </build> <repositories><repository> <id>public</id> <name>aliyun nexus</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases><enabled>true</enabled> </releases></repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories><pluginRepository> <id>public</id> <name>aliyun nexus</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases><enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots></pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories></project>2.項目配置文件 application.properties
配置mysql數據源，druid數據庫連接池以及MyBatis的mapper文件的位置。
# mysql數據源配置spring.datasource.name=mysqlspring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcespring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverspring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.63:3306/gjhzjl?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=truespring.datasource.username=rootspring.datasource.password=root# druid數據庫連接池配置spring.datasource.druid.initial-size=5spring.datasource.druid.min-idle=5spring.datasource.druid.max-active=10spring.datasource.druid.max-wait=60000spring.datasource.druid.validation-query=SELECT 1 FROM DUALspring.datasource.druid.test-on-borrow=falsespring.datasource.druid.test-on-return=falsespring.datasource.druid.test-while-idle=truespring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis=60000spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis=300000spring.datasource.druid.max-evictable-idle-time-millis=600000# mybatis配置mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:mapper/**/*.xml3.數據庫表結構
CREATE TABLE `cms_content` ( `contentId` varchar(40) NOT NULL COMMENT ’內容ID’, `title` varchar(150) NOT NULL COMMENT ’標題’, `content` longtext COMMENT ’文章內容’, `releaseDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT ’發布日期’, PRIMARY KEY (`contentId`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=’CMS內容表’;4.實體類
import java.util.Date;public class CmsContentPO { private String contentId; private String title; private String content; private Date releaseDate; public String getContentId() {return contentId; } public void setContentId(String contentId) {this.contentId = contentId; } public String getTitle() {return title; } public void setTitle(String title) {this.title = title; } public String getContent() {return content; } public void setContent(String content) {this.content = content; } public Date getReleaseDate() {return releaseDate; } public void setReleaseDate(Date releaseDate) {this.releaseDate = releaseDate; }}5.mapper接口
public interface CrawlerMapper { int addCmsContent(CmsContentPO record);}6.CrawlerMapper.xml文件
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC '-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN' 'http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd'><mapper namespace='com.hyzx.qbasic.dao.CrawlerMapper'> <insert parameterType='com.hyzx.qbasic.model.CmsContentPO'>insert into cms_content (contentId, title, releaseDate, content)values (#{contentId,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{title,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{releaseDate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},#{content,jdbcType=LONGVARCHAR}) </insert></mapper>7.知乎頁面內容處理類ZhihuPageProcessor
主要用于解析爬取到的知乎html頁面。
@Componentpublic class ZhihuPageProcessor implements PageProcessor { private Site site = Site.me().setRetryTimes(3).setSleepTime(1000); @Override public void process(Page page) {page.addTargetRequests(page.getHtml().links().regex('https://www.zhihu.com/question/d+/answer/d+.*').all());page.putField('title', page.getHtml().xpath('//h1[@class=’QuestionHeader-title’]/text()').toString());page.putField('answer', page.getHtml().xpath('//div[@class=’QuestionAnswer-content’]/tidyText()').toString());if (page.getResultItems().get('title') == null) { // 如果是列表頁，跳過此頁，pipeline不進行后續處理 page.setSkip(true);} } @Override public Site getSite() {return site; }}8.知乎數據處理類ZhihuPipeline
主要用于將知乎html頁面解析出的數據存儲到mysql數據庫。
@Componentpublic class ZhihuPipeline implements Pipeline { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZhihuPipeline.class); @Autowired private CrawlerMapper crawlerMapper; public void process(ResultItems resultItems, Task task) {String title = resultItems.get('title');String answer = resultItems.get('answer');CmsContentPO contentPO = new CmsContentPO();contentPO.setContentId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());contentPO.setTitle(title);contentPO.setReleaseDate(new Date());contentPO.setContent(answer);try { boolean success = crawlerMapper.addCmsContent(contentPO) > 0; LOGGER.info('保存知乎文章成功：{}', title);} catch (Exception ex) { LOGGER.error('保存知乎文章失敗', ex);} }}9.知乎爬蟲任務類ZhihuTask
每十分鐘啟動一次爬蟲。
@Componentpublic class ZhihuTask { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZhihuPipeline.class); @Autowired private ZhihuPipeline zhihuPipeline; @Autowired private ZhihuPageProcessor zhihuPageProcessor; private ScheduledExecutorService timer = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(); public void crawl() {// 定時任務，每10分鐘爬取一次timer.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> { Thread.currentThread().setName('zhihuCrawlerThread'); try {Spider.create(zhihuPageProcessor)// 從https://www.zhihu.com/explore開始抓.addUrl('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')// 抓取到的數據存數據庫.addPipeline(zhihuPipeline)// 開啟2個線程抓取.thread(2)// 異步啟動爬蟲.start(); } catch (Exception ex) {LOGGER.error('定時抓取知乎數據線程執行異常', ex); }}, 0, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES); }}10.Spring boot程序啟動類
@SpringBootApplication@MapperScan(basePackages = 'com.hyzx.qbasic.dao')public class Application implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowired private ZhihuTask zhihuTask; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } @Override public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {// 爬取知乎數據zhihuTask.crawl(); }}
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