目錄管道通信PIPE消息隊(duì)列信號(hào)量與共享內(nèi)存管道通信PIPE

管道用于承載簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)之間的通訊數(shù)據(jù)。為了方便理解，可以將管道比作文件，進(jìn)程A將數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)到管道P中，然后進(jìn)程B從管道P中讀取數(shù)據(jù)。php提供的管道操作API與操作文件的API基本一樣，除了創(chuàng)建管道使用posix_mkfifo函數(shù)，讀寫(xiě)等操作均與文件操作函數(shù)相同。當(dāng)然，你可以直接使用文件模擬管道，但是那樣無(wú)法使用管道的特性了。

通過(guò)管道通信的大概思路是，首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)管道，然后子進(jìn)程向管道中寫(xiě)入信息，父進(jìn)程從管道中讀取信息，這樣就可以做到父子進(jìn)程直接實(shí)現(xiàn)通信了。

<?php// 創(chuàng)建管道$pipePath = 'pipe';if( !file_exists( $pipePath ) ){ if( !posix_mkfifo( $pipePath, 0666) ){exit('make pipe false!' . PHP_EOL); }}// 創(chuàng)建進(jìn)程，子進(jìn)程寫(xiě)管道，父進(jìn)程讀管道// 通過(guò) pcntl_fork函數(shù)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)子進(jìn)程。// pcntl_fork 函數(shù) 很特殊，它調(diào)用一次擁有 多個(gè)返回值。// 在父進(jìn)程中：它返回 子進(jìn)程的ID 這個(gè)值是 大于0 的。// 在子進(jìn)程中，它返回0。當(dāng)返回 -1 時(shí)表示創(chuàng)建進(jìn)程失敗。$pid = pcntl_fork();if( $pid == 0 ){ // 子進(jìn)程寫(xiě)管道 $file = fopen( $pipePath, 'w'); fwrite( $file, 'hello world'); sleep(1); exit;}else{ // 父進(jìn)程讀管道 $file = fopen( $pipePath, 'r'); // 設(shè)置成讀取非阻塞 // 當(dāng)讀取是非阻塞的情況下，父進(jìn)程進(jìn)行讀取信息的時(shí)候不會(huì)等待， // 管道中沒(méi)有消息也會(huì)立馬返回。 // stream_set_blocking( $file, False); echo fread( $file, 20) . PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); // 回收子進(jìn)程}消息隊(duì)列

消息隊(duì)列是存放在內(nèi)存中的一種隊(duì)列數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。

<?php// 獲取父進(jìn)程id$parentPid = posix_getpid();echo 'parent progress pid:{$parentPid}\n';$childList = array();// 創(chuàng)建消息隊(duì)列，定義消息類(lèi)型$id = ftok(__FILE__, 'm');$msgQueue = msg_get_queue($id);const MSG_TYEP = 1;// 生產(chǎn)者function producer(){ global $msgQueue; $pid = posix_getpid(); $repeatNum = 5; for ($i = 0; $i <= $repeatNum; $i++) {$str = '({$pid}) progress create! {$i}';msg_send($msgQueue, MSG_TYEP, $str);$rand = rand(1, 3);sleep($rand); }}// 消費(fèi)者function consumer(){ global $msgQueue; $pid = posix_getpid(); $repeatNum = 6; for ($i = 1; $i<= $repeatNum; $i++) {$rel = msg_receive($msgQueue, MSG_TYEP, $msgType, 1024, $message);echo '{$message} | consumer({$pid}) destroy \n';$rand = rand(1, 3);sleep($rand); }}function createProgress($callback){ $pid = pcntl_fork(); if ($pid == -1) {// 創(chuàng)建失敗exit('fork progresses error\n'); } elseif ($pid == 0) {// 子進(jìn)程執(zhí)行程序$pid = posix_getpid();$callback();exit('({$pid})child progress end!\n'); } else {// 父進(jìn)程return $pid; }}for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) { $pid = createProgress('producer'); $childList[$pid] = 1; echo 'create producer progresses: {$pid}\n';}for ($i = 0; $i < 2; $i++) { $pid = createProgress('consumer'); $childList[$pid] = 1; echo 'create consumer progresses: {$pid}\n';}while (!empty($childList)) { $childPid = pcntl_wait($status); if ($childPid > 0) {unset($childList[$childPid]); }}echo '({$parentPid})main progress end!\n';

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

create producer progresses: 21432create producer progresses: 21433create producer progresses: 21434create consumer progresses: 21435(21426) progress create! 2 | consumer(21435) destroy(21424) progress create! 1 | consumer(21436) destroycreate consumer progresses: 21436(21426) progress create! 3 | consumer(21436) destroy(21426) progress create! 4 | consumer(21435) destroy(21425) progress create! 3 | consumer(21436) destroy(21424) progress create! 2 | consumer(21435) destroy(21426) progress create! 5 | consumer(21435) destroy(21424) progress create! 3 | consumer(21436) destroy(21433)child progress end!(21425) progress create! 4 | consumer(21435) destroy(21424) progress create! 4 | consumer(21436) destroy(21434)child progress end!(21424) progress create! 5 | consumer(21435) destroy(21425) progress create! 5 | consumer(21436) destroy(21432)child progress end!(21435)child progress end!(21436)child progress end!(21431)main progress end!

信號(hào)量與共享內(nèi)存<?php$parentPid = posix_getpid();echo 'parent progress pid:{$parentPid}\n';// 創(chuàng)建共享內(nèi)存,創(chuàng)建信號(hào)量，定義共享key// ftok(文件路徑，資源標(biāo)識(shí)符) 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)IPC通信所需的id$shm_id = ftok(__FILE__, 'm');$shm_id = ftok(__FILE__, 's');// shm_attach(id) 創(chuàng)建或者打開(kāi)一個(gè)共享內(nèi)存$shareMemory = shm_attach($shm_id);// 返回一個(gè)可用戶訪問(wèn)系統(tǒng)信號(hào)量的id$signal = sem_get($shm_id);const SHARE_KEY = 1;// 生產(chǎn)者function producer() { global $shareMemory; global $signal; $pid = posix_getpid(); $repeatNum = 5; for ($i = 1; $i <= $repeatNum; $i++) {// 獲得信號(hào)量 - 阻塞進(jìn)程，直到信號(hào)量被獲取到[lock鎖機(jī)制的關(guān)鍵]sem_acquire($signal);// 檢查某個(gè)key是否存在與共享內(nèi)存中if (shm_has_var($shareMemory, SHARE_KEY)) { // 獲取共享內(nèi)存中的key的值 $count = shm_get_var($shareMemory, SHARE_KEY); $count ++; // 為共享內(nèi)存中的key賦值 shm_put_var($shareMemory, SHARE_KEY, $count); echo '({$pid}) count: {$count}\n';} else { // 初始化 shm_put_var($shareMemory, SHARE_KEY, 0); echo '({$pid}) count: 0\n';}// 釋放sem_release($signal); }}function createProgress($callback) { $pid = pcntl_fork(); if ($pid == -1) {// 創(chuàng)建失敗exit('fork progress error!\n'); } elseif ($pid == 0) {// 子進(jìn)程$pid = posix_getpid();$callback();exit('({$pid}) child progress end!\n'); } else {// 父進(jìn)程return $pid; }}// 3個(gè)寫(xiě)進(jìn)程for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i ++) { $pid = createProgress('producer'); $childList[$pid] = 1; echo 'create producer child progress: {$pid} \n';}// 等待所有子進(jìn)程while (!empty($childList)) { $childPid = pcntl_wait($status); if ($childPid > 0) {unset($childList[$childPid]); }}// 釋放共享內(nèi)存與信號(hào)量shm_remove($shareMemory);sem_remove($signal);echo '({$parentPid}) main progress end!\n';

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

使用信號(hào)量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)共享內(nèi)存的鎖機(jī)制

parent progress pid:31720create producer child progress: 31721 create producer child progress: 31722 (31721) count: 0(31721) count: 1(31721) count: 2(31721) count: 3(31721) count: 4(31721) child progress end!create producer child progress: 31723 (31722) count: 5(31722) count: 6(31722) count: 7(31722) count: 8(31722) count: 9(31722) child progress end!(31723) count: 10(31723) count: 11(31723) count: 12(31723) count: 13(31723) count: 14(31723) child progress end!(31720) main progress end!

無(wú)鎖情況

Warning: sem_release(): SysV semaphore 4357894312 (key 0x73048925) is not currently acquired in /Users/easyboom/www/example/信號(hào)量與共享內(nèi)存.php on line 38

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