背景

手工測試過程中有個測試場景需要刪除測試設備上某個Android feature，往上搜索了一圈沒找到有效的操作方法。獲取Android設備所有的feature可以通過adb命令pm list features或者Android代碼Context.getPackageManager().getSystemAvailableFeatures()，但都沒有對應的修改方法。

既然feature是從Context獲取的，那能不能構造一個只包含我想要的feature的Context呢。順著這個思路，有了下面的方案。

方案設計

單元測試常用的Mock技術，就是來構造假/模擬對象的。但如果完全構造，又擔心和真實環境差別較大，測試結果不可靠。能不能從真實Android設備中獲取真實的Context，把不想要的feature去除，再給到被測試方法中呢？

答案是肯定的，通過選用流行的Mock組件Mockito ，官網上給出了下面2種Mock Java對象的方式：

mock()/@Mock: create mock spy()/@Spy: partial mocking, real methods are invoked but still can be verified and stubbed

可以看到Spy這種Mock方式可完美地解決我的需求。

實現（簡化版需求）業務需求說明

獲取所有Android Features并把feature name打印在日志中，使用adb命令的效果如下：

➜ study git:(master) ✗ adb shell pm list features feature:reqGlEsVersion=0x30002feature:android.hardware.audio.outputfeature:android.hardware.bluetoothfeature:android.hardware.bluetooth_lefeature:android.hardware.camerafeature:android.hardware.camera.anyfeature:android.hardware.camera.autofocusfeature:android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_post_processingfeature:android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_sensorfeature:android.hardware.camera.capability.rawfeature:android.hardware.camera.flashfeature:android.hardware.camera.frontfeature:android.hardware.camera.level.fullfeature:android.hardware.faketouchfeature:android.hardware.locationfeature:android.hardware.location.gpsfeature:android.hardware.location.networkfeature:android.hardware.microphonefeature:android.hardware.nfc.anyfeature:android.hardware.opengles.aepfeature:android.hardware.ram.normalfeature:android.hardware.screen.landscapefeature:android.hardware.screen.portraitfeature:android.hardware.sensor.accelerometerfeature:android.hardware.sensor.compassfeature:android.hardware.sensor.lightfeature:android.hardware.sensor.proximityfeature:android.hardware.sensor.stepcounterfeature:android.hardware.telephonyfeature:android.hardware.telephony.cdmafeature:android.hardware.telephony.gsmfeature:android.hardware.touchscreenfeature:android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouchfeature:android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinctfeature:android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhandfeature:android.hardware.usb.accessoryfeature:android.hardware.usb.hostfeature:android.hardware.vulkan.computefeature:android.hardware.vulkan.levelfeature:android.hardware.vulkan.version=4194307feature:android.hardware.wififeature:android.hardware.wifi.directfeature:android.software.activities_on_secondary_displaysfeature:android.software.app_widgetsfeature:android.software.autofillfeature:android.software.backupfeature:android.software.companion_device_setupfeature:android.software.connectionservicefeature:android.software.ctsfeature:android.software.device_adminfeature:android.software.file_based_encryptionfeature:android.software.input_methodsfeature:android.software.live_wallpaperfeature:android.software.managed_usersfeature:android.software.midifeature:android.software.picture_in_picturefeature:android.software.printfeature:android.software.securely_removes_usersfeature:android.software.sipfeature:android.software.sip.voipfeature:android.software.verified_bootfeature:android.software.voice_recognizersfeature:android.software.webview業務需求代碼實現

public class FeaturesUtil { private static final String TAG = 'FeaturesUtil'; public static void getFeatures(Context context) {PackageManager packageManager = context.getPackageManager();FeatureInfo[] featureInfos = packageManager.getSystemAvailableFeatures();for (FeatureInfo featureInfo : featureInfos) { Log.i(TAG, 'feature: ' + featureInfo.name);} }}測試代碼實現(去除bluetooth feature)

@Spy Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();; @Spy PackageManager packageManager = context.getPackageManager();@Test public void getFeatures() {// 去除bluetooth featureFeatureInfo[] mockedFeatureInfos = removeFeature(packageManager.getSystemAvailableFeatures(),Arrays.asList('android.hardware.bluetooth', 'android.hardware.bluetooth_le'));when(packageManager.getSystemAvailableFeatures()).thenReturn(mockedFeatureInfos);when(context.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(packageManager);FeaturesUtil.getFeatures(context); } /** * 根據feature name刪除一個或多個feature * * @param featureInfos FeatureInfo數組 * @param featureNames 字符串列表，每個元素是要刪除的FeatureInfo的name * @return 刪除之后的FeatureInfo數組 */ private FeatureInfo[] removeFeature(FeatureInfo[] featureInfos, List<String> featureNames) {List<FeatureInfo> featureInfoList = new ArrayList();for (FeatureInfo featureInfo : featureInfos) { if (featureInfo.name != null && !(featureNames.contains(featureInfo.name))) {featureInfoList.add(featureInfo); }}return featureInfoList.toArray(new FeatureInfo[featureInfoList.size()]); }運行測試代碼后Logcat輸出

可以看到bluetooth相關的feature已經沒有了

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.proximity

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.accelerometer

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.faketouch

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.usb.accessory

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.cdma

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.backup

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.print

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.activities_on_secondary_displays

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.voice_recognizers

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.picture_in_picture

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.opengles.aep

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.autofocus

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.gsm

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.sip.voip

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.usb.host

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.audio.output

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.verified_boot

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.flash

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.front

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.screen.portrait

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.microphone

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.autofill

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.securely_removes_users

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.compass

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhand

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.app_widgets

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.input_methods

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.light

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.version

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.companion_device_setup

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.device_admin

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.screen.landscape

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.ram.normal

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.managed_users

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.webview

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.stepcounter

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_post_processing

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.any

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.raw

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.compute

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.connectionservice

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.location.network

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.cts

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.sip

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_sensor

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.level.full

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.wifi.direct

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.live_wallpaper

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.location.gps

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.midi

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.nfc.any

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.wifi

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.location

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.level

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.telephony

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.file_based_encryption

2021-04-07 13:23:39.269 16238-16268/? I/TestRunner: finished: getFeatures(com.aniu.featuresmock.FeaturesUtilTest)

總結 不直接使用Mock，而是使用Spy，最大限度保持測試環境真實可靠，從而保證測試效果 測試代碼不要放在test目錄，要放在androidTest目錄，保證在真實設備上跑（不然代碼也會報錯）。目錄結構如下：

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