之前已經介紹過人臉識別的基礎概念，以及基于opencv的實現方式，今天，我們使用dlib來提取128維的人臉嵌入，并使用k臨近值方法來實現人臉識別。

人臉識別系統的實現流程與之前是一樣的，只是這里我們借助了dlib和face_recognition這兩個庫來實現。face_recognition是對dlib庫的包裝，使對dlib的使用更方便。所以首先要安裝這2個庫。

pip3 install dlibpip3 install face_recognition

然后，還要安裝imutils庫

pip3 install imutils

我們看一下項目的目錄結構：

.├── dataset│ ├── alan_grant [22 entries exceeds filelimit, not opening dir]│ ├── claire_dearing [53 entries exceeds filelimit, not opening dir]│ ├── ellie_sattler [31 entries exceeds filelimit, not opening dir]│ ├── ian_malcolm [41 entries exceeds filelimit, not opening dir]│ ├── john_hammond [36 entries exceeds filelimit, not opening dir]│ └── owen_grady [35 entries exceeds filelimit, not opening dir]├── examples│ ├── example_01.png│ ├── example_02.png│ └── example_03.png├── output│ ├── lunch_scene_output.avi│ └── webcam_face_recognition_output.avi├── videos│ └── lunch_scene.mp4├── encode_faces.py├── encodings.pickle├── recognize_faces_image.py├── recognize_faces_video_file.py├── recognize_faces_video.py└── search_bing_api.py 10 directories, 12 files

首先，提取128維的人臉嵌入：

命令如下：

python3 encode_faces.py --dataset dataset --encodings encodings.pickle -d hog

記住：如果你的電腦內存不夠大，請使用hog模型進行人臉檢測，如果內存夠大，可以使用cnn神經網絡進行人臉檢測。

看代碼：

# USAGE# python encode_faces.py --dataset dataset --encodings encodings.pickle # import the necessary packagesfrom imutils import pathsimport face_recognitionimport argparseimport pickleimport cv2import os # construct the argument parser and parse the argumentsap = argparse.ArgumentParser()ap.add_argument('-i', '--dataset', required=True,help='path to input directory of faces + images')ap.add_argument('-e', '--encodings', required=True,help='path to serialized db of facial encodings')ap.add_argument('-d', '--detection-method', type=str, default='hog',help='face detection model to use: either `hog` or `cnn`')args = vars(ap.parse_args()) # grab the paths to the input images in our datasetprint('[INFO] quantifying faces...')imagePaths = list(paths.list_images(args['dataset'])) # initialize the list of known encodings and known namesknownEncodings = []knownNames = [] # loop over the image pathsfor (i, imagePath) in enumerate(imagePaths):# extract the person name from the image pathprint('[INFO] processing image {}/{}'.format(i + 1,len(imagePaths)))name = imagePath.split(os.path.sep)[-2] # load the input image and convert it from RGB (OpenCV ordering)# to dlib ordering (RGB)image = cv2.imread(imagePath)rgb = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # detect the (x, y)-coordinates of the bounding boxes# corresponding to each face in the input imageboxes = face_recognition.face_locations(rgb,model=args['detection_method']) # compute the facial embedding for the faceencodings = face_recognition.face_encodings(rgb, boxes) # loop over the encodingsfor encoding in encodings:# add each encoding + name to our set of known names and# encodingsknownEncodings.append(encoding)knownNames.append(name) # dump the facial encodings + names to diskprint('[INFO] serializing encodings...')data = {'encodings': knownEncodings, 'names': knownNames}f = open(args['encodings'], 'wb')f.write(pickle.dumps(data))f.close()

輸出結果是每張圖片輸出一個人臉的128維的向量和對于的名字，并序列化到硬盤，供后續人臉識別使用。

識別圖像中的人臉：

這里使用KNN方法實現最終的人臉識別，而不是使用SVM進行訓練。

命令如下：

python3 recognize_faces_image.py --encodings encodings.pickle --image examples/example_01.png

看代碼：

# USAGE# python recognize_faces_image.py --encodings encodings.pickle --image examples/example_01.png # import the necessary packagesimport face_recognitionimport argparseimport pickleimport cv2 # construct the argument parser and parse the argumentsap = argparse.ArgumentParser()ap.add_argument('-e', '--encodings', required=True,help='path to serialized db of facial encodings')ap.add_argument('-i', '--image', required=True,help='path to input image')ap.add_argument('-d', '--detection-method', type=str, default='cnn',help='face detection model to use: either `hog` or `cnn`')args = vars(ap.parse_args()) # load the known faces and embeddingsprint('[INFO] loading encodings...')data = pickle.loads(open(args['encodings'], 'rb').read()) # load the input image and convert it from BGR to RGBimage = cv2.imread(args['image'])rgb = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # detect the (x, y)-coordinates of the bounding boxes corresponding# to each face in the input image, then compute the facial embeddings# for each faceprint('[INFO] recognizing faces...')boxes = face_recognition.face_locations(rgb,model=args['detection_method'])encodings = face_recognition.face_encodings(rgb, boxes) # initialize the list of names for each face detectednames = [] # loop over the facial embeddingsfor encoding in encodings:# attempt to match each face in the input image to our known# encodingsmatches = face_recognition.compare_faces(data['encodings'],encoding)name = 'Unknown' # check to see if we have found a matchif True in matches:# find the indexes of all matched faces then initialize a# dictionary to count the total number of times each face# was matchedmatchedIdxs = [i for (i, b) in enumerate(matches) if b]counts = {} # loop over the matched indexes and maintain a count for# each recognized face facefor i in matchedIdxs:name = data['names'][i]counts[name] = counts.get(name, 0) + 1 # determine the recognized face with the largest number of# votes (note: in the event of an unlikely tie Python will# select first entry in the dictionary)name = max(counts, key=counts.get)# update the list of namesnames.append(name) # loop over the recognized facesfor ((top, right, bottom, left), name) in zip(boxes, names):# draw the predicted face name on the imagecv2.rectangle(image, (left, top), (right, bottom), (0, 255, 0), 2)y = top - 15 if top - 15 > 15 else top + 15cv2.putText(image, name, (left, y), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,0.75, (0, 255, 0), 2) # show the output imagecv2.imshow('Image', image)cv2.waitKey(0)

實際效果如下：

如果要詳細了解細節，請參考：https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/06/18/face-recognition-with-opencv-python-and-deep-learning/

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