在眾多的網站防爬措施中，有一種是根據ip的訪問頻率進行限制，即在某一時間段內，當某個ip的訪問次數達到一定的閥值時，該ip就會被拉黑、在一段時間內禁止訪問。

應對的方法有兩種：

1. 降低爬蟲的爬取頻率，避免IP被限制訪問，缺點顯而易見：會大大降低爬取的效率。

2. 搭建一個IP代理池，使用不同的IP輪流進行爬取。

1、從代理網站(如：西刺代理、快代理、云代理、無憂代理)爬取代理IP；

2、驗證代理IP的可用性（使用代理IP去請求指定URL，根據響應驗證代理IP是否生效）；

3、將可用的代理IP保存到數據庫；

常用代理網站：西刺代理 、云代理 、IP海 、無憂代理 、飛蟻代理 、快代理

工程結構如下：

ipproxy.py

IPProxy代理類定義了要爬取的IP代理的字段信息和一些基礎方法。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import reimport timefrom settings import PROXY_URL_FORMATTERschema_pattern = re.compile(r’http|https$’, re.I)ip_pattern = re.compile(r’^([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$’, re.I)port_pattern = re.compile(r’^[0-9]{2,5}$’, re.I)class IPProxy: ’’’ { 'schema': 'http', # 代理的類型 'ip': '127.0.0.1', # 代理的IP地址 'port': '8050', # 代理的端口號 'used_total': 11, # 代理的使用次數 'success_times': 5, # 代理請求成功的次數 'continuous_failed': 3, # 使用代理發送請求，連續失敗的次數 'created_time': '2018-05-02' # 代理的爬取時間 } ’’’ def __init__(self, schema, ip, port, used_total=0, success_times=0, continuous_failed=0, created_time=None): '''Initialize the proxy instance''' if schema == '' or schema is None: schema = 'http' self.schema = schema.lower() self.ip = ip self.port = port self.used_total = used_total self.success_times = success_times self.continuous_failed = continuous_failed if created_time is None: created_time = time.strftime(’%Y-%m-%d’, time.localtime(time.time())) self.created_time = created_time def _get_url(self): ’’’ Return the proxy url’’’ return PROXY_URL_FORMATTER % {’schema’: self.schema, ’ip’: self.ip, ’port’: self.port} def _check_format(self): ’’’ Return True if the proxy fields are well-formed,otherwise return False’’’ if self.schema is not None and self.ip is not None and self.port is not None: if schema_pattern.match(self.schema) and ip_pattern.match(self.ip) and port_pattern.match(self.port):return True return False def _is_https(self): ’’’ Return True if the proxy is https,otherwise return False’’’ return self.schema == ’https’ def _update(self, successed=False): ’’’ Update proxy based on the result of the request’s response’’’ self.used_total = self.used_total + 1 if successed: self.continuous_failed = 0 self.success_times = self.success_times + 1 else: print(self.continuous_failed) self.continuous_failed = self.continuous_failed + 1if __name__ == ’__main__’: proxy = IPProxy(’HTTPS’, ’192.168.2.25’, '8080') print(proxy._get_url()) print(proxy._check_format()) print(proxy._is_https())

settings.py

settings.py中匯聚了工程所需要的配置信息。

# 指定Redis的主機名和端口REDIS_HOST = ’localhost’REDIS_PORT = 6379# 代理保存到Redis key 格式化字符串PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER = ’proxies::{}’# 已經存在的HTTP代理和HTTPS代理集合PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED = ’proxies::existed’# 最多連續失敗幾次MAX_CONTINUOUS_TIMES = 3# 代理地址的格式化字符串PROXY_URL_FORMATTER = ’%(schema)s://%(ip)s:%(port)s’USER_AGENT_LIST = [ 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24']# 爬取到的代理保存前先檢驗是否可用，默認TruePROXY_CHECK_BEFOREADD = True# 檢驗代理可用性的請求地址，支持多個PROXY_CHECK_URLS = {’https’:[’https://icanhazip.com’],’http’:[’http://icanhazip.com’]}

proxy_util.py

proxy_util.py 中主要定義了一些實用方法，例如：proxy_to_dict(proxy)用來將IPProxy代理實例轉換成字典；proxy_from_dict(d)用來將字典轉換為IPProxy實例；request_page()用來發送請求；_is_proxy_available()用來校驗代理IP是否可用。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import randomimport loggingimport requestsfrom ipproxy import IPProxyfrom settings import USER_AGENT_LIST, PROXY_CHECK_URLS# Setting logger output formatlogging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format=’[%(asctime)-15s] [%(levelname)8s] [%(name)10s ] - %(message)s (%(filename)s:%(lineno)s)’, datefmt=’%Y-%m-%d %T’ )logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)def proxy_to_dict(proxy): d = { 'schema': proxy.schema, 'ip': proxy.ip, 'port': proxy.port, 'used_total': proxy.used_total, 'success_times': proxy.success_times, 'continuous_failed': proxy.continuous_failed, 'created_time': proxy.created_time } return ddef proxy_from_dict(d): return IPProxy(schema=d[’schema’], ip=d[’ip’], port=d[’port’], used_total=d[’used_total’], success_times=d[’success_times’], continuous_failed=d[’continuous_failed’], created_time=d[’created_time’])# Truncate header and tailer blanksdef strip(data): if data is not None: return data.strip() return database_headers = { ’Accept-Encoding’: ’gzip, deflate, br’, ’Accept-Language’: ’en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7’}def request_page(url, options={}, encoding=’utf-8’): '''send a request,get response''' headers = dict(base_headers, **options) if ’User-Agent’ not in headers.keys(): headers[’User-Agent’] = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) logger.info(’正在抓取: ’ + url) try: response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) if response.status_code == 200: logger.info(’抓取成功: ’ + url) return response.content.decode(encoding=encoding) except ConnectionError: logger.error(’抓取失敗’ + url) return Nonedef _is_proxy_available(proxy, options={}): '''Check whether the Proxy is available or not''' headers = dict(base_headers, **options) if ’User-Agent’ not in headers.keys(): headers[’User-Agent’] = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) proxies = {proxy.schema: proxy._get_url()} check_urls = PROXY_CHECK_URLS[proxy.schema] for url in check_urls: try: response = requests.get(url=url, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=5) except BaseException: logger.info('< ' + url + ' > 驗證代理 < ' + proxy._get_url() + ' > 結果： 不可用 ') else: if response.status_code == 200:logger.info('< ' + url + ' > 驗證代理 < ' + proxy._get_url() + ' > 結果： 可用 ')return True else:logger.info('< ' + url + ' > 驗證代理 < ' + proxy._get_url() + ' > 結果： 不可用 ') return Falseif __name__ == ’__main__’: headers = dict(base_headers) if ’User-Agent’ not in headers.keys(): headers[’User-Agent’] = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) proxies = {'https': 'https://163.125.255.154:9797'} response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', headers=headers, proxies=proxies, timeout=3) print(response.content)

proxy_queue.py

代理隊列用來保存并對外提供 IP代理，不同的代理隊列內代理IP的保存和提取策略可以不同。在這里， BaseQueue 是所有代理隊列的基類，其中聲明了所有代理隊列都需要實現的保存代理IP、提取代理IP、查看代理IP數量等接口。示例的 FifoQueue 是一個先進先出隊列，底層使用 Redis 列表實現，為了確保同一個代理IP只能被放入隊列一次，這里使用了一個Redis proxies::existed 集合進行入隊前重復校驗。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from proxy_util import loggerimport jsonimport redisfrom ipproxy import IPProxyfrom proxy_util import proxy_to_dict, proxy_from_dict, _is_proxy_availablefrom settings import PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED, PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER, MAX_CONTINUOUS_TIMES, PROXY_CHECK_BEFOREADD'''Proxy Queue Base Class'''class BaseQueue(object): def __init__(self, server): '''Initialize the proxy queue instance Parameters ---------- server : StrictRedis Redis client instance ''' self.server = server def _serialize_proxy(self, proxy): '''Serialize proxy instance''' return proxy_to_dict(proxy) def _deserialize_proxy(self, serialized_proxy): '''deserialize proxy instance''' return proxy_from_dict(eval(serialized_proxy)) def __len__(self, schema=’http’): '''Return the length of the queue''' raise NotImplementedError def push(self, proxy, need_check): '''Push a proxy''' raise NotImplementedError def pop(self, schema=’http’, timeout=0): '''Pop a proxy''' raise NotImplementedErrorclass FifoQueue(BaseQueue): '''First in first out queue''' def __len__(self, schema=’http’): '''Return the length of the queue''' return self.server.llen(PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(schema)) def push(self, proxy, need_check=PROXY_CHECK_BEFOREADD): '''Push a proxy''' if need_check and not _is_proxy_available(proxy): return elif proxy.continuous_failed < MAX_CONTINUOUS_TIMES and not self._is_existed(proxy): key = PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(proxy.schema) self.server.rpush(key, json.dumps(self._serialize_proxy(proxy),ensure_ascii=False)) def pop(self, schema=’http’, timeout=0): '''Pop a proxy''' if timeout > 0: p = self.server.blpop(PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(schema.lower()), timeout) if isinstance(p, tuple):p = p[1] else: p = self.server.lpop(PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(schema.lower())) if p: p = self._deserialize_proxy(p) self.server.srem(PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED, p._get_url()) return p def _is_existed(self, proxy): added = self.server.sadd(PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED, proxy._get_url()) return added == 0if __name__ == ’__main__’: r = redis.StrictRedis(host=’localhost’, port=6379) queue = FifoQueue(r) proxy = IPProxy(’http’, ’218.66.253.144’, ’80’) queue.push(proxy) proxy = queue.pop(schema=’http’) print(proxy._get_url())

proxy_crawlers.py

ProxyBaseCrawler 是所有代理爬蟲的基類，其中只定義了一個 _start_crawl() 方法用來從搜集到的代理網站爬取代理IP。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from lxml import etreefrom ipproxy import IPProxyfrom proxy_util import strip, request_page, loggerclass ProxyBaseCrawler(object): def __init__(self, queue=None, website=None, urls=[]): self.queue = queue self.website = website self.urls = urls def _start_crawl(self): raise NotImplementedErrorclass KuaiDailiCrawler(ProxyBaseCrawler): # 快代理 def _start_crawl(self): for url_dict in self.urls: logger.info('開始爬取 [ ' + self.website + ' ] :::> [ ' + url_dict[’type’] + ' ]') has_more = True url = None while has_more:if ’page’ in url_dict.keys() and str.find(url_dict[’url’], ’{}’) != -1: url = url_dict[’url’].format(str(url_dict[’page’])) url_dict[’page’] = url_dict[’page’] + 1else: url = url_dict[’url’] has_more = Falsehtml = etree.HTML(request_page(url))tr_list = html.xpath('//table[@class=’table table-bordered table-striped’]/tbody/tr')for tr in tr_list: ip = tr.xpath('./td[@data-title=’IP’]/text()')[0] if len( tr.xpath('./td[@data-title=’IP’]/text()')) else None port = tr.xpath('./td[@data-title=’PORT’]/text()')[0] if len( tr.xpath('./td[@data-title=’PORT’]/text()')) else None schema = tr.xpath('./td[@data-title=’類型’]/text()')[0] if len( tr.xpath('./td[@data-title=’類型’]/text()')) else None proxy = IPProxy(schema=strip(schema), ip=strip(ip), port=strip(port)) if proxy._check_format(): self.queue.push(proxy)if tr_list is None: has_more = Falseclass FeiyiDailiCrawler(ProxyBaseCrawler): # 飛蟻代理 def _start_crawl(self): for url_dict in self.urls: logger.info('開始爬取 [ ' + self.website + ' ] :::> [ ' + url_dict[’type’] + ' ]') has_more = True url = None while has_more:if ’page’ in url_dict.keys() and str.find(url_dict[’url’], ’{}’) != -1: url = url_dict[’url’].format(str(url_dict[’page’])) url_dict[’page’] = url_dict[’page’] + 1else: url = url_dict[’url’] has_more = Falsehtml = etree.HTML(request_page(url))tr_list = html.xpath('//div[@id=’main-content’]//table/tr[position()>1]')for tr in tr_list: ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')) else None port = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')) else None schema = tr.xpath('./td[4]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[4]/text()')) else None proxy = IPProxy(schema=strip(schema), ip=strip(ip), port=strip(port)) if proxy._check_format(): self.queue.push(proxy)if tr_list is None: has_more = Falseclass WuyouDailiCrawler(ProxyBaseCrawler): # 無憂代理 def _start_crawl(self): for url_dict in self.urls: logger.info('開始爬取 [ ' + self.website + ' ] :::> [ ' + url_dict[’type’] + ' ]') has_more = True url = None while has_more:if ’page’ in url_dict.keys() and str.find(url_dict[’url’], ’{}’) != -1: url = url_dict[’url’].format(str(url_dict[’page’])) url_dict[’page’] = url_dict[’page’] + 1else: url = url_dict[’url’] has_more = Falsehtml = etree.HTML(request_page(url))ul_list = html.xpath('//div[@class=’wlist’][2]//ul[@class=’l2’]')for ul in ul_list: ip = ul.xpath('./span[1]/li/text()')[0] if len(ul.xpath('./span[1]/li/text()')) else None port = ul.xpath('./span[2]/li/text()')[0] if len(ul.xpath('./span[2]/li/text()')) else None schema = ul.xpath('./span[4]/li/text()')[0] if len(ul.xpath('./span[4]/li/text()')) else None proxy = IPProxy(schema=strip(schema), ip=strip(ip), port=strip(port)) if proxy._check_format(): self.queue.push(proxy)if ul_list is None: has_more = Falseclass IPhaiDailiCrawler(ProxyBaseCrawler): # IP海代理 def _start_crawl(self): for url_dict in self.urls: logger.info('開始爬取 [ ' + self.website + ' ] :::> [ ' + url_dict[’type’] + ' ]') has_more = True url = None while has_more:if ’page’ in url_dict.keys() and str.find(url_dict[’url’], ’{}’) != -1: url = url_dict[’url’].format(str(url_dict[’page’])) url_dict[’page’] = url_dict[’page’] + 1else: url = url_dict[’url’] has_more = Falsehtml = etree.HTML(request_page(url))tr_list = html.xpath('//table//tr[position()>1]')for tr in tr_list: ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')) else None port = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')) else None schema = tr.xpath('./td[4]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[4]/text()')) else None proxy = IPProxy(schema=strip(schema), ip=strip(ip), port=strip(port)) if proxy._check_format(): self.queue.push(proxy)if tr_list is None: has_more = Falseclass YunDailiCrawler(ProxyBaseCrawler): # 云代理 def _start_crawl(self): for url_dict in self.urls: logger.info('開始爬取 [ ' + self.website + ' ] :::> [ ' + url_dict[’type’] + ' ]') has_more = True url = None while has_more:if ’page’ in url_dict.keys() and str.find(url_dict[’url’], ’{}’) != -1: url = url_dict[’url’].format(str(url_dict[’page’])) url_dict[’page’] = url_dict[’page’] + 1else: url = url_dict[’url’] has_more = Falsehtml = etree.HTML(request_page(url, encoding=’gbk’))tr_list = html.xpath('//table/tbody/tr')for tr in tr_list: ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')) else None port = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')) else None schema = tr.xpath('./td[4]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[4]/text()')) else None proxy = IPProxy(schema=strip(schema), ip=strip(ip), port=strip(port)) if proxy._check_format(): self.queue.push(proxy)if tr_list is None: has_more = Falseclass XiCiDailiCrawler(ProxyBaseCrawler): # 西刺代理 def _start_crawl(self): for url_dict in self.urls: logger.info('開始爬取 [ ' + self.website + ' ] :::> [ ' + url_dict[’type’] + ' ]') has_more = True url = None while has_more:if ’page’ in url_dict.keys() and str.find(url_dict[’url’], ’{}’) != -1: url = url_dict[’url’].format(str(url_dict[’page’])) url_dict[’page’] = url_dict[’page’] + 1else: url = url_dict[’url’] has_more = Falsehtml = etree.HTML(request_page(url))tr_list = html.xpath('//table[@id=’ip_list’]//tr[@class!=’subtitle’]')for tr in tr_list: ip = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')) else None port = tr.xpath('./td[3]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[3]/text()')) else None schema = tr.xpath('./td[6]/text()')[0] if len(tr.xpath('./td[6]/text()')) else None if schema.lower() == 'http' or schema.lower() == 'https': proxy = IPProxy(schema=strip(schema), ip=strip(ip), port=strip(port)) if proxy._check_format(): self.queue.push(proxy)if tr_list is None: has_more = False

run.py

通過run.py啟動各個代理網站爬蟲。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import redisfrom proxy_queue import FifoQueuefrom settings import REDIS_HOST, REDIS_PORTfrom proxy_crawlers import WuyouDailiCrawler, FeiyiDailiCrawler, KuaiDailiCrawler, IPhaiDailiCrawler, YunDailiCrawler, XiCiDailiCrawlerr = redis.StrictRedis(host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT)fifo_queue = FifoQueue(r)def run_kuai(): kuaidailiCrawler = KuaiDailiCrawler(queue=fifo_queue, website=’快代理[國內高匿]’, urls=[{’url’: ’https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/{}/’, ’type’: ’國內高匿’,’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/intr/{}/’, ’type’: ’國內普通’,’page’: 1}]) kuaidailiCrawler._start_crawl()def run_feiyi(): feiyidailiCrawler = FeiyiDailiCrawler(queue=fifo_queue, website=’飛蟻代理’, urls=[{’url’: ’http://www.feiyiproxy.com/?page_id=1457’, ’type’: ’首頁推薦’}]) feiyidailiCrawler._start_crawl()def run_wuyou(): wuyoudailiCrawler = WuyouDailiCrawler(queue=fifo_queue, website=’無憂代理’, urls=[{’url’: ’http://www.data5u.com/free/index.html’, ’type’: ’首頁推薦’},{’url’: ’http://www.data5u.com/free/gngn/index.shtml’, ’type’: ’國內高匿’},{’url’: ’http://www.data5u.com/free/gnpt/index.shtml’, ’type’: ’國內普通’}]) wuyoudailiCrawler._start_crawl()def run_iphai(): crawler = IPhaiDailiCrawler(queue=fifo_queue, website=’IP海代理’,urls=[{’url’: ’http://www.iphai.com/free/ng’, ’type’: ’國內高匿’}, {’url’: ’http://www.iphai.com/free/np’, ’type’: ’國內普通’}, {’url’: ’http://www.iphai.com/free/wg’, ’type’: ’國外高匿’}, {’url’: ’http://www.iphai.com/free/wp’, ’type’: ’國外普通’}]) crawler._start_crawl()def run_yun(): crawler = YunDailiCrawler(queue=fifo_queue, website=’云代理’, urls=[{’url’: ’http://www.ip3366.net/free/?stype=1&page={}’, ’type’: ’國內高匿’, ’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’http://www.ip3366.net/free/?stype=2&page={}’, ’type’: ’國內普通’, ’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’http://www.ip3366.net/free/?stype=3&page={}’, ’type’: ’國外高匿’, ’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’http://www.ip3366.net/free/?stype=4&page={}’, ’type’: ’國外普通’, ’page’: 1}]) crawler._start_crawl()def run_xici(): crawler = XiCiDailiCrawler(queue=fifo_queue, website=’西刺代理’,urls=[{’url’: ’https://www.xicidaili.com/’, ’type’: ’首頁推薦’}, {’url’: ’https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{}’, ’type’: ’國內高匿’, ’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’https://www.xicidaili.com/nt/{}’, ’type’: ’國內普通’, ’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’https://www.xicidaili.com/wn/{}’, ’type’: ’國外高匿’, ’page’: 1}, {’url’: ’https://www.xicidaili.com/wt/{}’, ’type’: ’國外普通’, ’page’: 1}]) crawler._start_crawl()if __name__ == ’__main__’: run_xici() run_iphai() run_kuai() run_feiyi() run_yun() run_wuyou()

爬取西刺代理時，后臺日志示例如下：

Redis數據庫中爬取到的代理IP的數據結構如下:

接下來，使用爬取好的代理來請求 http://icanhazip.com 進行測試，代碼如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import randomimport requestsfrom proxy_util import loggerfrom run import fifo_queuefrom settings import USER_AGENT_LISTfrom proxy_util import base_headers# 測試地址url = ’http://icanhazip.com’# 獲取代理proxy = fifo_queue.pop(schema=’http’)proxies = {proxy.schema:proxy._get_url()}# 構造請求頭headers = dict(base_headers)if ’User-Agent’ not in headers.keys(): headers[’User-Agent’] = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)response = Nonesuccessed = Falsetry: response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies = proxies,timeout=5)except BaseException: logger.error('使用代理< '+proxy._get_url()+' > 請求 < '+url+' > 結果： 失敗 ')else: if (response.status_code == 200): logger.info(response.content.decode()) successed = True logger.info('使用代理< ' + proxy._get_url() + ' > 請求 < ' + url + ' > 結果： 成功 ') else: logger.info(response.content.decode()) logger.info('使用代理< ' + proxy._get_url() + ' > 請求 < ' + url + ' > 結果： 失敗 ')# 根據請求的響應結果更新代理proxy._update(successed)# 將代理返還給隊列，返還時不校驗可用性fifo_queue.push(proxy,need_check=False)

使用 http://218.66.253.144:80 代理請求成功后將代理重新放回隊列，并將 Redis 中該代理的 used_total 、success_times 、continuous_failed三個字段信息進行了相應的更新。

項目地址：https://github.com/pengjunlee/ipproxy_pool.git

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