1. 開始前

本程序基于tkinter生成GUI，使用前請確保已經安裝好tkinter

對于windows用戶，您可能已經安裝了tkinter，cmd中輸入python -c ’import tkinter’，如果沒有出錯則已安裝tkinter對于linux用戶，您可能未安裝tkinter，使用包管理工具搜索tkinter，如：apt search tkinter，pacman -Ss tkinter,yum search tkinter，選擇符合要求的軟件包，然后安裝，如果未找到，請自行下載并編譯源代碼，再安裝。

2.完整代碼

#!/usr/bin/python3# 使用Python內置GUI模塊tkinterfrom tkinter import *# ttk覆蓋tkinter部分對象，ttk對tkinter進行了優化from tkinter.ttk import *# 深拷貝時需要用到copy模塊import copyimport tkinter.messagebox# 圍棋應用對象定義class Application(Tk):# 初始化棋盤,默認九路棋盤def __init__(self,my_mode_num=9):Tk.__init__(self)# 模式，九路棋：9，十三路棋：13，十九路棋：19self.mode_num=my_mode_num# 窗口尺寸設置，默認：1.8self.size=1.8# 棋盤每格的邊長self.dd=360*self.size/(self.mode_num-1)# 相對九路棋盤的矯正比例self.p=1 if self.mode_num==9 else (2/3 if self.mode_num==13 else 4/9)# 定義棋盤陣列,超過邊界：-1，無子：0，黑棋：1，白棋：2self.positions=[[0 for i in range(self.mode_num+2)] for i in range(self.mode_num+2)]# 初始化棋盤，所有超過邊界的值置-1for m in range(self.mode_num+2):for n in range(self.mode_num+2):if (m*n==0 or m==self.mode_num+1 or n==self.mode_num+1):self.positions[m][n]=-1# 拷貝三份棋盤“快照”，悔棋和判斷“打劫”時需要作參考self.last_3_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)self.last_2_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)# 記錄鼠標經過的地方，用于顯示shadow時self.cross_last=None# 當前輪到的玩家，黑：0，白：1，執黑先行self.present=0 # 初始停止運行，點擊“開始游戲”運行游戲self.stop=True# 悔棋次數，次數大于0才可悔棋，初始置0（初始不能悔棋），悔棋后置0，下棋或棄手時恢復為1，以禁止連續悔棋self.regretchance=0# 圖片資源，存放在當前目錄下的/Pictures/中self.photoW=PhotoImage(file = './Pictures/W.png')self.photoB=PhotoImage(file = './Pictures/B.png')self.photoBD=PhotoImage(file = './Pictures/'+'BD'+'-'+str(self.mode_num)+'.png')self.photoWD=PhotoImage(file = './Pictures/'+'WD'+'-'+str(self.mode_num)+'.png')self.photoBU=PhotoImage(file = './Pictures/'+'BU'+'-'+str(self.mode_num)+'.png')self.photoWU=PhotoImage(file = './Pictures/'+'WU'+'-'+str(self.mode_num)+'.png')# 用于黑白棋子圖片切換的列表self.photoWBU_list=[self.photoBU,self.photoWU]self.photoWBD_list=[self.photoBD,self.photoWD]# 窗口大小self.geometry(str(int(600*self.size))+’x’+str(int(400*self.size)))# 畫布控件，作為容器self.canvas_bottom=Canvas(self,bg=’#369’,bd=0,width=600*self.size,height=400*self.size)self.canvas_bottom.place(x=0,y=0)# 幾個功能按鈕self.startButton=Button(self,text=’開始游戲’,command=self.start)self.startButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=200*self.size)self.passmeButton=Button(self,text=’棄一手’,command=self.passme)self.passmeButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=225*self.size)self.regretButton=Button(self,text=’悔棋’,command=self.regret)self.regretButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=250*self.size)# 初始悔棋按鈕禁用self.regretButton[’state’]=DISABLEDself.replayButton=Button(self,text=’重新開始’,command=self.reload)self.replayButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=275*self.size)self.newGameButton1=Button(self,text=(’十三’ if self.mode_num==9 else ’九’)+’路棋’,command=self.newGame1)self.newGameButton1.place(x=480*self.size,y=300*self.size)self.newGameButton2=Button(self,text=(’十三’ if self.mode_num==19 else ’十九’)+’路棋’,command=self.newGame2)self.newGameButton2.place(x=480*self.size,y=325*self.size)self.quitButton=Button(self,text=’退出游戲’,command=self.quit)self.quitButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=350*self.size)# 畫棋盤，填充顏色self.canvas_bottom.create_rectangle(0*self.size,0*self.size,400*self.size,400*self.size,fill=’#c51’)# 刻畫棋盤線及九個點# 先畫外框粗線self.canvas_bottom.create_rectangle(20*self.size,20*self.size,380*self.size,380*self.size,width=3)# 棋盤上的九個定位點，以中點為模型，移動位置，以作出其余八個點for m in [-1,0,1]:for n in [-1,0,1]:self.oringinal=self.canvas_bottom.create_oval(200*self.size-self.size*2,200*self.size-self.size*2,200*self.size+self.size*2,200*self.size+self.size*2,fill=’#000’)self.canvas_bottom.move(self.oringinal,m*self.dd*(2 if self.mode_num==9 else (3 if self.mode_num==13 else 6)),n*self.dd*(2 if self.mode_num==9 else (3 if self.mode_num==13 else 6)))# 畫中間的線條for i in range(1,self.mode_num-1):self.canvas_bottom.create_line(20*self.size,20*self.size+i*self.dd,380*self.size,20*self.size+i*self.dd,width=2)self.canvas_bottom.create_line(20*self.size+i*self.dd,20*self.size,20*self.size+i*self.dd,380*self.size,width=2)# 放置右側初始圖片self.pW=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size+11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoW)self.pB=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size-11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoB)# 每張圖片都添加image標簽，方便reload函數刪除圖片self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.pW)self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.pB)# 鼠標移動時，調用shadow函數，顯示隨鼠標移動的棋子self.canvas_bottom.bind(’<Motion>’,self.shadow)# 鼠標左鍵單擊時，調用getdown函數，放下棋子self.canvas_bottom.bind(’<Button-1>’,self.getDown)# 設置退出快捷鍵<Ctrl>+<D>，快速退出游戲self.bind(’<Control-KeyPress-d>’,self.keyboardQuit)# 開始游戲函數，點擊“開始游戲”時調用def start(self):# 刪除右側太極圖self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pW)self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pB)# 利用右側圖案提示開始時誰先落子if self.present==0:self.create_pB()self.del_pW()else:self.create_pW()self.del_pB()# 開始標志，解除stopself.stop=None# 放棄一手函數，跳過落子環節def passme(self):# 悔棋恢復if not self.regretchance==1:self.regretchance+=1else:self.regretButton[’state’]=NORMAL# 拷貝棋盤狀態，記錄前三次棋局self.last_3_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_2_positions)self.last_2_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_1_positions)self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)self.canvas_bottom.delete(’image_added_sign’)# 輪到下一玩家if self.present==0:self.create_pW()self.del_pB()self.present=1else:self.create_pB()self.del_pW()self.present=0# 悔棋函數，可悔棋一回合，下兩回合不可悔棋def regret(self):# 判定是否可以悔棋，以前第三盤棋局復原棋盤if self.regretchance==1:self.regretchance=0self.regretButton[’state’]=DISABLEDlist_of_b=[]list_of_w=[]self.canvas_bottom.delete(’image’)if self.present==0:self.create_pB()else:self.create_pW()for m in range(1,self.mode_num+1):for n in range(1,self.mode_num+1):self.positions[m][n]=0for m in range(len(self.last_3_positions)):for n in range(len(self.last_3_positions[m])):if self.last_3_positions[m][n]==1:list_of_b+=[[n,m]]elif self.last_3_positions[m][n]==2:list_of_w+=[[n,m]]self.recover(list_of_b,0)self.recover(list_of_w,1)self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_3_positions)for m in range(1,self.mode_num+1):for n in range(1,self.mode_num+1):self.last_2_positions[m][n]=0self.last_3_positions[m][n]=0# 重新加載函數,刪除圖片，序列歸零，設置一些初始參數，點擊“重新開始”時調用def reload(self):if self.stop==1:self.stop=0self.canvas_bottom.delete(’image’)self.regretchance=0self.present=0self.create_pB()for m in range(1,self.mode_num+1):for n in range(1,self.mode_num+1):self.positions[m][n]=0self.last_3_positions[m][n]=0self.last_2_positions[m][n]=0self.last_1_positions[m][n]=0# 以下四個函數實現了右側太極圖的動態創建與刪除def create_pW(self):self.pW=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size+11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoW)self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.pW)def create_pB(self):self.pB=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size-11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoB)self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.pB)def del_pW(self):self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pW)def del_pB(self):self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pB)# 顯示鼠標移動下棋子的移動def shadow(self,event):if not self.stop:# 找到最近格點，在當前位置靠近的格點出顯示棋子圖片，并刪除上一位置的棋子圖片if (20*self.size<event.x<380*self.size) and (20*self.size<event.y<380*self.size):dx=(event.x-20*self.size)%self.dddy=(event.y-20*self.size)%self.ddself.cross=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd+22*self.p, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd-27*self.p,image=self.photoWBU_list[self.present])self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.cross)if self.cross_last!=None:self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.cross_last)self.cross_last=self.cross# 落子，并驅動玩家的輪流下棋行為def getDown(self,event):if not self.stop:# 先找到最近格點if (20*self.size-self.dd*0.4<event.x<self.dd*0.4+380*self.size) and (20*self.size-self.dd*0.4<event.y<self.dd*0.4+380*self.size):dx=(event.x-20*self.size)%self.dddy=(event.y-20*self.size)%self.ddx=int((event.x-20*self.size-dx)/self.dd+round(dx/self.dd)+1)y=int((event.y-20*self.size-dy)/self.dd+round(dy/self.dd)+1)# 判斷位置是否已經被占據if self.positions[y][x]==0:# 未被占據，則嘗試占據，獲得占據后能殺死的棋子列表self.positions[y][x]=self.present+1self.image_added=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd+4*self.p, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd-5*self.p,image=self.photoWBD_list[self.present])self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.image_added)# 棋子與位置標簽綁定，方便“殺死”self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’position’+str(x)+str(y),self.image_added)deadlist=self.get_deadlist(x,y)self.kill(deadlist)# 判斷是否重復棋局if not self.last_2_positions==self.positions:# 判斷是否屬于有氣和殺死對方其中之一if len(deadlist)>0 or self.if_dead([[x,y]],self.present+1,[x,y])==False:# 當不重復棋局，且屬于有氣和殺死對方其中之一時，落下棋子有效if not self.regretchance==1:self.regretchance+=1else:self.regretButton[’state’]=NORMALself.last_3_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_2_positions)self.last_2_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_1_positions)self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)# 刪除上次的標記，重新創建標記self.canvas_bottom.delete(’image_added_sign’)self.image_added_sign=self.canvas_bottom.create_oval(event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd+0.5*self.dd, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd+0.5*self.dd,event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd-0.5*self.dd, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd-0.5*self.dd,width=3,outline=’#3ae’)self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.image_added_sign)self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image_added_sign’,self.image_added_sign)if self.present==0:self.create_pW()self.del_pB()self.present=1else:self.create_pB()self.del_pW()self.present=0else:# 不屬于殺死對方或有氣，則判斷為無氣，警告并彈出警告框self.positions[y][x]=0self.canvas_bottom.delete(’position’+str(x)+str(y))self.bell()self.showwarningbox(’無氣’,'你被包圍了！')else:# 重復棋局，警告打劫self.positions[y][x]=0self.canvas_bottom.delete(’position’+str(x)+str(y))self.recover(deadlist,(1 if self.present==0 else 0))self.bell()self.showwarningbox('打劫','此路不通！')else:# 覆蓋，聲音警告self.bell()else:# 超出邊界，聲音警告self.bell()# 判斷棋子（種類為yourChessman，位置為yourPosition）是否無氣（死亡），有氣則返回False，無氣則返回無氣棋子的列表# 本函數是游戲規則的關鍵，初始deadlist只包含了自己的位置，每次執行時，函數嘗試尋找yourPosition周圍有沒有空的位置，有則結束，返回False代表有氣；# 若找不到，則找自己四周的同類（不在deadlist中的）是否有氣，即調用本函數，無氣，則把該同類加入到deadlist，然后找下一個鄰居，只要有一個有氣，返回False代表有氣；# 若四周沒有一個有氣的同類，返回deadlist,至此結束遞歸# def if_dead(self,deadlist,yourChessman,yourPosition):def if_dead(self,deadList,yourChessman,yourPosition):for i in [-1,1]:if [yourPosition[0]+i,yourPosition[1]] not in deadList:if self.positions[yourPosition[1]][yourPosition[0]+i]==0:return Falseif [yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+i] not in deadList:if self.positions[yourPosition[1]+i][yourPosition[0]]==0:return Falseif ([yourPosition[0]+1,yourPosition[1]] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]][yourPosition[0]+1]==yourChessman):midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0]+1,yourPosition[1]]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0]+1,yourPosition[1]])if not midvar:return Falseelse:deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)if ([yourPosition[0]-1,yourPosition[1]] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]][yourPosition[0]-1]==yourChessman):midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0]-1,yourPosition[1]]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0]-1,yourPosition[1]])if not midvar:return Falseelse:deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)if ([yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+1] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]+1][yourPosition[0]]==yourChessman):midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+1]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+1])if not midvar:return Falseelse:deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)if ([yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]-1] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]-1][yourPosition[0]]==yourChessman):midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]-1]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]-1])if not midvar:return Falseelse:deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)return deadList# 警告消息框，接受標題和警告信息def showwarningbox(self,title,message):self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.cross)tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title,message)# 落子后，依次判斷四周是否有棋子被殺死，并返回死棋位置列表def get_deadlist(self,x,y):deadlist=[]for i in [-1,1]:if self.positions[y][x+i]==(2 if self.present==0 else 1) and ([x+i,y] not in deadlist):killList=self.if_dead([[x+i,y]],(2 if self.present==0 else 1),[x+i,y])if not killList==False:deadlist+=copy.deepcopy(killList)if self.positions[y+i][x]==(2 if self.present==0 else 1) and ([x,y+i] not in deadlist):killList=self.if_dead([[x,y+i]],(2 if self.present==0 else 1),[x,y+i])if not killList==False:deadlist+=copy.deepcopy(killList)return deadlist# 恢復位置列表list_to_recover為b_or_w指定的棋子def recover(self,list_to_recover,b_or_w):if len(list_to_recover)>0:for i in range(len(list_to_recover)):self.positions[list_to_recover[i][1]][list_to_recover[i][0]]=b_or_w+1self.image_added=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(20*self.size+(list_to_recover[i][0]-1)*self.dd+4*self.p, 20*self.size+(list_to_recover[i][1]-1)*self.dd-5*self.p,image=self.photoWBD_list[b_or_w])self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’image’,self.image_added)self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag(’position’+str(list_to_recover[i][0])+str(list_to_recover[i][1]),self.image_added)# 殺死位置列表killList中的棋子，即刪除圖片，位置值置0def kill(self,killList):if len(killList)>0:for i in range(len(killList)):self.positions[killList[i][1]][killList[i][0]]=0self.canvas_bottom.delete(’position’+str(killList[i][0])+str(killList[i][1]))# 鍵盤快捷鍵退出游戲def keyboardQuit(self,event):self.quit()# 以下兩個函數修改全局變量值，newApp使主函數循環，以建立不同參數的對象def newGame1(self):global mode_num,newAppmode_num=(13 if self.mode_num==9 else 9)newApp=Trueself.quit()def newGame2(self):global mode_num,newAppmode_num=(13 if self.mode_num==19 else 19)newApp=Trueself.quit()# 聲明全局變量，用于新建Application對象時切換成不同模式的游戲global mode_num,newAppmode_num=9newApp=Falseif __name__==’__main__’:# 循環，直到不切換游戲模式while True:newApp=Falseapp=Application(mode_num)app.title(’圍棋’)app.mainloop()if newApp:app.destroy()else:break

3.運行效果

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