項目要求

1.初次打開程序時右上角標題欄顯示“無連接”，點擊旁邊的按鈕選擇“我的好友”，進入配對界面；2.選擇好友之后，返回主界面，標題欄會顯示已連接的手機型號；3.兩部手機間可通過藍牙聊天

效果展示

項目結構

主要代碼

1.在清單文件中注冊權限

<uses-permission android:name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN' /><uses-permission android:name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH' />

2.在文件res / values / strings.xml里，添加程序運行過程中的狀態描述文本及配色代碼等

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><resources> <string name='app_name'>藍牙Demo</string> <string name='send'>發送</string> <string name='not_connected'>你沒有鏈接一個設備</string> <string name='bt_not_enabled_leaving'>藍牙不可用，離開聊天室</string> <string name='title_connecting'>鏈接中...</string> <string name='title_connected_to'>連接到：</string> <string name='title_not_connected'>無鏈接</string> <string name='scanning'>藍牙設備搜索中...</string> <string name='select_device'>選擇一個好友鏈接</string> <string name='none_paired'>沒有配對好友</string> <string name='none_found'>附近沒有發現好友</string> <string name='title_paired_devices'>已配對好友</string> <string name='title_other_devices'>其它可連接好友</string> <string name='button_scan'>搜索好友</string> <string name='connect'>我的好友</string> <string name='discoverable'>設置在線</string> <string name='back'>退出</string> <string name='startVideo'>開始聊天</string> <string name='stopVideo'>結束聊天</string> </resources>

用于藍牙會話的服務組件ChatService.java中有三個內部類：AcceptThread（接受新連接）、ConnectThread（發出連接）和ConnectedThread （已連接）。

// 創建監聽線程，準備接受新連接。使用阻塞方式，調用 BluetoothServerSocket.accept() private class AcceptThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; public AcceptThread() { BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; try { //使用射頻端口（RF comm）監聽 tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { } mmServerSocket = tmp; } @Override public void run() { setName('AcceptThread'); BluetoothSocket socket = null; while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) { try { socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); } catch (IOException e) { break; } if (socket != null) { synchronized (ChatService.this) { switch (mState) { case STATE_LISTEN: case STATE_CONNECTING:connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());break; case STATE_NONE: case STATE_CONNECTED:try { socket.close();} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();}break; } } } } } public void cancel() { try { mmServerSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* 連接線程，專門用來對外發出連接對方藍牙的請求和處理流程。 構造函數里通過 BluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() ， 從待連接的 device 產生 BluetoothSocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ， 成功后調用 BluetoothChatSevice 的 connected() 方法。定義 cancel() 在關閉線程時能夠關閉相關socket 。 */ private class ConnectThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { mmDevice = device; BluetoothSocket tmp = null; try { tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mmSocket = tmp; } @Override public void run() { setName('ConnectThread'); mAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); try { mmSocket.connect(); } catch (IOException e) { connectionFailed(); try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { e.printStackTrace(); } ChatService.this.start(); return; } synchronized (ChatService.this) { mConnectThread = null; } connected(mmSocket, mmDevice); } public void cancel() { try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* 雙方藍牙連接后一直運行的線程；構造函數中設置輸入輸出流。 run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 InputStream.read()循環讀取輸入流，然后發送到 UI 線程中更新聊天消息。 本線程也提供了 write() 將聊天消息寫入輸出流傳輸至對方，傳輸成功后回寫入 UI 線程。最后使用cancel()關閉連接的 socket */ private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; private final InputStream mmInStream; private final OutputStream mmOutStream; public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { mmSocket = socket; InputStream tmpIn = null; OutputStream tmpOut = null; try { tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mmInStream = tmpIn; mmOutStream = tmpOut; } @Override public void run() { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int bytes; while (true) { try { bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); mHandler.obtainMessage(weixinFragment.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget(); } catch (IOException e) { connectionLost(); break; } } } public void write(byte[] buffer) { try { mmOutStream.write(buffer); mHandler.obtainMessage(weixinFragment.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void cancel() { try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

新建Activity組件DeviceList，實現拾取與之會話的藍牙設備。本程序供菜單項主界面的選項菜單“我的友好”調用，用于：

（1）顯示已配對的好友列表；（2）搜索可配對的好友進行配對（3）新選擇并配對的藍牙設備將刷新好友列表

注意：發現新的藍牙設備并請求配對時，需要對應接受

關鍵技術：動態注冊一個廣播接收者，處理藍牙設備掃描的結果

public class DeviceList extends Activity{ private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter; private ArrayAdapter<String> mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter; private ArrayAdapter<String> mNewDevicesArrayAdapter; public static String EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS = 'device_address'; //Mac地址 //定義廣播接收者，用于處理掃描藍牙設備后的結果 private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + 'n' + device.getAddress()); } } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) { String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString(); mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices); } } } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.device_list); //在被調用活動里，設置返回結果碼 setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED); init(); //活動界面 } private void init() { Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan); scanButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); doDiscovery(); //搜索藍牙設備 } }); mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name); mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name); //已配對藍牙設備列表 ListView pairedListView =findViewById(R.id.paired_devices); pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter); pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener); //未配對藍牙設備列表 ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices); newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter); newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener); //動態注冊廣播接收者 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices(); if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + 'n' + device.getAddress()); } } else { String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString(); mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (mBtAdapter != null) { mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } this.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver); } private void doDiscovery() { findViewById(R.id.title_new_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) { mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } mBtAdapter.startDiscovery(); //開始搜索藍牙設備并產生廣播 //startDiscovery是一個異步方法 //找到一個設備時就發送一個BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND的廣播 } private OnItemClickListener mPaireDeviceClickListener = new OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) { mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); String info = ((TextView) v).getText().toString(); String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17); Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS, address); //Mac地址 setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent); finish(); } }; private OnItemClickListener mNewDeviceClickListener = new OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) { mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, '請在藍牙設置界面手動連接設備',Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS); startActivityForResult(intent,1); } }; //回調方法：進入藍牙配對設置界面返回后執行 @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); init(); //刷新好友列表 } }

藍牙會話的主Activity組件程序fragment.java

public class weixinFrament extends Fragment { public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1; public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2; public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3; public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4; public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5; public static final String DEVICE_NAME = 'device_name'; public static final String TOAST = 'toast'; private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1; //請求連接設備 private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2; private TextView mTitle; private ListView mConversationView; private EditText mOutEditText; private Button mSendButton; private String mConnectedDeviceName = null; private ArrayAdapter<String> mConversationArrayAdapter; private StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer; private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null; private ChatService mChatService = null; private View view; public weixinFrament() { } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) { view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.tab_01, container, false); Toolbar toolbar = view.findViewById(R.id.toolbar); setHasOptionsMenu(true); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this.getContext(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(), new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1); } } //創建選項菜單 toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_menu); //選項菜單監聽 toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener()); mTitle = view.findViewById(R.id.title_left_text); mTitle.setText(R.string.app_name); mTitle = view.findViewById(R.id.title_right_text); // 得到本地藍牙適配器 mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), '藍牙不可用', Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); getActivity().finish(); return view; } if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若當前設備藍牙功能未開啟 Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); // } else { if (mChatService == null) { setupChat(); //創建會話 } } return view; } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (grantResults.length > 0) { if (grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), '未授權，藍牙搜索功能將不可用！', Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } @Override public synchronized void onResume() { //synchronized：同步方法實現排隊調用 super.onResume(); if (mChatService != null) { if (mChatService.getState() == ChatService.STATE_NONE) { mChatService.start(); } } } private void setupChat() { mConversationArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(view.getContext(), R.layout.message); mConversationView = view.findViewById(R.id.in); mConversationView.setAdapter(mConversationArrayAdapter); mOutEditText = view.findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out); mOutEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener); mSendButton = view.findViewById(R.id.button_send); mSendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { TextView textview = view.findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out); String message = textview.getText().toString(); sendMessage(message); } }); //創建服務對象 mChatService = new ChatService(view.getContext(), mHandler); mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer(''); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (mChatService != null) mChatService.stop(); } private void ensureDiscoverable() { //修改本機藍牙設備的可見性 //打開手機藍牙后，能被其它藍牙設備掃描到的時間不是永久的 if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) { Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); //設置在300秒內可見（能被掃描） discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); startActivity(discoverableIntent); Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), '已經設置本機藍牙設備的可見性，對方可搜索了。', Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } private void sendMessage(String message) { if (mChatService.getState() != ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED) { Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), R.string.not_connected, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } if (message.length() > 0) { byte[] send = message.getBytes(); mChatService.write(send); mOutStringBuffer.setLength(0); mOutEditText.setText(mOutStringBuffer); } } private TextView.OnEditorActionListener mWriteListener = new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() { @Override public boolean onEditorAction(TextView view, int actionId, KeyEvent event) { if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_NULL && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) { //軟鍵盤里的回車也能發送消息 String message = view.getText().toString(); sendMessage(message); } return true; } }; //使用Handler對象在UI主線程與子線程之間傳遞消息 private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() { //消息處理 @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: switch (msg.arg1) { case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED: mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connected_to); mTitle.append(mConnectedDeviceName); mConversationArrayAdapter.clear(); break; case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTING: mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connecting); break; case ChatService.STATE_LISTEN: case ChatService.STATE_NONE: mTitle.setText(R.string.title_not_connected); break; } break; case MESSAGE_WRITE: byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf); mConversationArrayAdapter.add('我: ' + writeMessage); break; case MESSAGE_READ: byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1); mConversationArrayAdapter.add(mConnectedDeviceName + ': ' + readMessage); break; case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME: mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME); Toast.makeText(getActivity().getApplicationContext(), '鏈接到 ' + mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case MESSAGE_TOAST: Toast.makeText(getActivity().getApplicationContext(), msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } } }; //返回進入好友列表操作后的數回調方法 public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE: if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS); BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address); mChatService.connect(device); } else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) { Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), '未選擇任何好友！', Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT: if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { setupChat(); } else { Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); getActivity().finish(); } } } //內部類，選項菜單的單擊事件處理 private class MyMenuItemClickListener implements Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener { @Override public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.scan: //啟動DeviceList這個Activity Intent serverIntent = new Intent(weixinFrament.this.getActivity(), DeviceList.class); startActivityForResult(serverIntent, REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE); return true; case R.id.discoverable: ensureDiscoverable(); return true; case R.id.back: getActivity().finish(); System.exit(0); return true; } return false; } }}

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