第四電腦教程網(wǎng)為大家精心整理的ORACLE 函數(shù)大全，基本上包括了最日常的函數(shù)應(yīng)用。

SQL中的單記錄函數(shù)1.ASCII返回與指定的字符對應(yīng)的十進(jìn)制數(shù);SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;;;;;;A A;;;ZERO;;SPACE--------- --------- --------- ---------;;;;65;;;;;97;;;;;48;;;;;322.CHR給出整數(shù),返回對應(yīng)的字符;SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;ZH C-- -趙 A3.CONCAT連接兩個字符串;SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')'轉(zhuǎn)23'; 高乾競電話 from dual;高乾競電話----------------010-88888888轉(zhuǎn)234.INITCAP返回字符串并將字符串的第一個字母變?yōu)榇髮?SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;UPP-----Smith5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)在一個字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發(fā)現(xiàn)指定的字符的位置;C1;被搜索的字符串C2;希望搜索的字符串I;;搜索的開始位置,默認(rèn)為1J;;出現(xiàn)的位置,默認(rèn)為1SQL> select instr('Oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;;INSTRING---------;;;;;96.LENGTH返回字符串的長度;SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;NAMELENGTH(NAME) ADDR;;LENGTH(ADDR);;;;SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------高乾競;3 北京市海錠區(qū);;;;;69999.99;7;7.LOWER返回字符串,并將所有的字符小寫SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;AABBCCDD--------aabbccdd8.UPPER返回字符串,并將所有的字符大寫SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;UPPER--------AABBCCDD;9.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符)RPAD; 在列的右邊粘貼字符LPAD; 在列的左邊粘貼字符SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1-----------------*******gao*******不夠字符則用*來填滿10.LTRIM和RTRIMLTRIM; 刪除左邊出現(xiàn)的字符串RTRIM; 刪除右邊出現(xiàn)的字符串SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('gao qian jing',' '),' ') from dual;LTRIM(RTRIM('-------------gao qian jing11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)取子字符串,從start開始,取count個SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;SUBSTR('--------0888888812.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')string希望被替換的字符或變量 s1;;;;被替換的字符串s2;;;;要替換的字符串SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;REPLACE('H----------i love you13.SOUNDEX返回一個與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');XM--------weatherwether14.TRIM('s' from 'string')LEADING剪掉前面的字符TRAILING; 剪掉后面的字符假如不指定,默認(rèn)為空格符 15.ABS返回指定值的絕對值SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;;ABS(100) ABS(-100)--------- ---------;;;100;;;;10016.ACOS給出反余弦的值SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;;ACOS(-1)---------3.141592717.ASIN給出反正弦的值SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;ASIN(0.5)---------.5235987818.ATAN返回一個數(shù)字的反正切值SQL> select atan(1) from dual;; ATAN(1)---------.7853981619.CEIL返回大于或等于給出數(shù)字的最小整數(shù)SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;CEIL(3.1415927)---------------;;;420.COS返回一個給定數(shù)字的余弦SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;COS(-3.1415927)---------------;;-121.COSH返回一個數(shù)字反余弦值SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;;COSH(20)---------24258259822.EXP返回一個數(shù)字e的n次方根SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;EXP(2);EXP(1)--------- ---------7.3890561 2.718281823.FLOOR對給定的數(shù)字取整數(shù)SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;FLOOR(2345.67)--------------; 234524.LN返回一個數(shù)字的對數(shù)值SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;;LN(1);;LN(2) LN(2.7182818)--------- --------- -------------;;;;;0 .69314718;;.9999999925.LOG(n1,n2)返回一個以n1為底n2的對數(shù) SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;;LOG(2,1); LOG(2,4)--------- ---------;;;;;0 226.MOD(n1,n2)返回一個n1除以n2的余數(shù)SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;MOD(10,3); MOD(3,3); MOD(2,3)--------- --------- ---------;;;;;1 0 227.POWER返回n1的n2次方根SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)----------- ----------;;;;1024 2728.ROUND和TRUNC按照指定的精度進(jìn)行舍入SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ 56; -55; 55; -5529.SIGN取數(shù)字n的符號,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)SIGN(0)--------- ---------- ---------;;;;;1 -1 030.SIN返回一個數(shù)字的正弦值SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;SIN(1.57079)------------131.SIGH返回雙曲正弦的值SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;; SIN(20); SINH(20)--------- ---------.91294525 24258259832.SQRT返回數(shù)字n的根SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;;SQRT(64); SQRT(10)--------- ---------;;;;;8 3.162277733.TAN返回數(shù)字的正切值SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;; TAN(20)TAN(10)--------- ---------2.2371609 .6483608334.TANH返回數(shù)字n的雙曲正切值SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;;TANH(20)TAN(20)--------- ---------;;;;;1 2.2371609;35.TRUNC按照指定的精度截取一個數(shù)SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)--------- ------------------;;;100;;124.16;36.ADD_MONTHS增加或減去月份SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;TO_CHA------200002SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;TO_CHA------19991037.LAST_DAY返回日期的最后一天SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S---------- ----------2004.05.09 2004.05.10SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;LAST_DAY(S----------31-5月 -0438.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)給出date2-date1的月份SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;MON_BETWEEN-----------; 9SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;;MON_BETW---------;;;-6039.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')給出在this時區(qū)=other時區(qū)的日期和時間SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time; 2; (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;BJ_TIME;;LOS_ANGLES------------------- -------------------2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:3240.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')給出日期date和星期x之后計(jì)算下一個星期的日期SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;NEXT_DAY----------25-5月 -01;41.SYSDATE用來得到系統(tǒng)的當(dāng)前日期SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'-----------------09-05-2004 星期日trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截斷,假如fmt='mi'表示保留分,截斷秒SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,; 2; to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;HH; HHMM------------------- -------------------2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00;42.CHARTOROWID將字符數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為ROWID類型SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;ROWID;;;ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME------------------ ------------------ ----------AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITHAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLENAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARDAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)將源字符串 sset從一個語言字符集轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個目的dset字符集SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;conver------strutz44.HEXTORAW將一個十六進(jìn)制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制45.RAWTOHEXT將一個二進(jìn)制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進(jìn)制;46.ROWIDTOCHAR將ROWID數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為字符類型;47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY-------------------2004/05/09 21:14:41;48.TO_DATE(string,'format')將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為ORACLE中的一個日期49.TO_MULTI_BYTE將字符串中的單字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)化為多字節(jié)字符SQL>select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;TO--高50.TO_NUMBER將給出的字符轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;;;YEAR---------;;199951.BFILENAME(dir,file)指定一個外部二進(jìn)制文件SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')將x字段或變量的源source轉(zhuǎn)換為descSQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,; 2; 0,'none',; 3; 2,'insert',; 4; 3,; 5; 'select',; 6; 6,'update',; 7; 7,'delete',; 8; 8,'drop',; 9; 'other') cmd; from v$session where type!='background';;;;SIDSERIAL# USERNAME;;;;CMD--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------;;;;;1 1;;;;;none;;;;;2 1;;;;;none;;;;;3 1;;;;;none;;;;;4 1;;;;;none;;;;;5 1;;;;;none;;;;;6 1;;;;;none;;;;;7;;;1275;;;;;none;;;;;8;;;1275;;;;;none;;;;;9;;;;;20 GAO;select;;;;10;;;;;40 GAO;none53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)DUMP函數(shù)以fmt指定的內(nèi)部數(shù)字格式返回一個VARCHAR2類型的值SQL> col global_name for a30SQL> col dump_string for a50SQL> set lin 200SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;GLOBAL_NAME;DUMP_STRING------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------ORACLE.WORLDTyp=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()這兩個函數(shù)都是用來對大數(shù)據(jù)類型字段進(jìn)行初始化操作的函數(shù)55.GREATEST返回一組表達(dá)式中的最大值,即比較字符的編碼大小.SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;GR--ACSQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;GR--天56.LEAST返回一組表達(dá)式中的最小值 SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;LE--啊57.UID返回標(biāo)識當(dāng)前用戶的唯一整數(shù)SQL> show userUSER 為"GAO"SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;USERNAME USER_ID------------------------------ ---------GAO25;58.USER返回當(dāng)前用戶的名字SQL> select user from; dual;USER------------------------------GAO59.USEREVN返回當(dāng)前用戶環(huán)境的信息,opt可以是:ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZEISDBA; 查看當(dāng)前用戶是否是DBA假如是則返回trueSQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;USEREN------FALSESQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;USEREN------TRUESESSION返回會話標(biāo)志SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;USERENV('SESSIONID')-------------------- 152ENTRYID返回會話人口標(biāo)志SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;USERENV('ENTRYID')------------------ 0INSTANCE返回當(dāng)前INSTANCE的標(biāo)志SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;USERENV('INSTANCE')-------------------; 1LANGUAGE返回當(dāng)前環(huán)境變量SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;USERENV('LANGUAGE')----------------------------------------------------SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBKLANG返回當(dāng)前環(huán)境的語言的縮寫SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;USERENV('LANG')----------------------------------------------------ZHSTERMINAL返回用戶的終端或機(jī)器的標(biāo)志SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;USERENV('TERMINA----------------GAOVSIZE(X)返回X的大小(字節(jié))數(shù)SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;VSIZE(USER) USER----------- ------------------------------; 6 SYSTEM;60.AVG(DISTINCTALL)all表示對所有的值求平均值,distinct只對不同的值求平均值SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));語句已處理。SQLWKS>insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);SQLWKS>insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);SQLWKS>insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);SQLWKS> commit;SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;AVG(DISTINCTSAL)---------------- 3333.33SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;AVG(ALLSAL)-----------;2592.5961.MAX(DISTINCTALL)求最大值,ALL表示對所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;MAX(DISTINCTSAL)----------------;500062.MIN(DISTINCTALL)求最小值,ALL表示對所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;MIN(ALLSAL)-----------;1111.1163.STDDEV(distinctall)求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,ALL表示對所有的值求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,DISTINCT表示只對不同的值求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;STDDEV(SAL)-----------; 1182.5032SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)-------------------1229.951;64.VARIANCE(DISTINCTALL)求協(xié)方差 SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;VARIANCE(SAL)-------------;1398313.965.GROUP BY主要用來對一組數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;DEPTNO; COUNT(*); SUM(SAL)--------- --------- ---------;;;;10 3;;;8750;;;;20 5;;10875;;;;30 6;;;9400;66.HAVING對分組統(tǒng)計(jì)再加限制條件SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;DEPTNO; COUNT(*); SUM(SAL)--------- --------- ---------;;;;20 5;;10875;;;;30 6;;;9400SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;DEPTNO; COUNT(*); SUM(SAL)--------- --------- ---------;;;;20;;;;;;5;;10875;;;;30 6;;;940067.ORDER BY用于對查詢到的結(jié)果進(jìn)行排序輸出SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;DEPTNO ENAME;SAL--------- ---------- ---------;;;;10 KING;5000;;;;10 CLARK2450;;;;10 MILLER; 1300;;;;20 SCOTT3000;;;;20 FORD;3000;;;;20 JONES2975;;;;20 ADAMS1100;;;;20 SMITH;800;;;;30 BLAKE2850;;;;30 ALLEN1600;;;;30 TURNER; 1500;;;;30 WARD;1250;;;;30 MARTIN; 1250;;;;30 JAMES;950 ;