經常有需求向表中導入大量的數據，使用insert不靠譜，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具

也有時需要講數據導入到文本，oracle的spool可以輕松實現oracle導出數據到txt、txt導入數據到oracle

一、導出數據到txt

這里用all_objects表做測試

SQL> desc all_objects;
 Name      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 OWNER     NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_NAME       NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
 SUBOBJECT_NAME     VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER
 DATA_OBJECT_ID     NUMBER
 OBJECT_TYPEVARCHAR2(19)
 CREATED   NOT NULL DATE
 LAST_DDL_TIME     NOT NULL DATE
 TIMESTAMP  VARCHAR2(19)
 STATUS     VARCHAR2(7)
 TEMPORARY  VARCHAR2(1)
 GENERATED  VARCHAR2(1)
 SECONDARY  VARCHAR2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做導出、導入測試
這里需要一些設置滿足數據導出的樣式

vi exp_table.sql

set line 1000 --設置行的長度
set pagesize 0--輸出不換頁
set feedback off      --默認的當一條sql發出的時候，oracle會給一個反饋，比如說創建表的時候，如果成功命令行會返回類似：Table created的反饋,off后不顯示反饋
set heading off       --不顯示表頭信息
set trimspool on      --如果trimspool設置為on，將移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on  --去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　   --顯示start啟動的腳本中的每個sql命令，缺省為on
set colsep "|" --設置分隔符
set termout off--不在屏幕上顯示結果
spool db1.txt  --記錄數據到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects;  --導出數據語句
spool off      --收集完畢
exit

一切就緒后導出數據

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i "s/ //g" db1.txt  --可選，去除每行開頭部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$

導出后檢查數據的記錄數是否正確

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     49988  --數據正確

二、從txt導入數據到oracle

sqlldr是通過一個control文件設定后，從文本導入數據

建立一張測試表

SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));

Table created.

建立一個control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

load data 
infile "db1.txt"    --數據來源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr    --數據導入到表tb_sqldr中，導入方式為追加，如果想覆蓋
fields terminated by "|"    --4、字段終止于X"09"，是一個制表符(tab)
(id,name)    --定義對應的字段名稱，注意順序

導入數據分成四種模式，可以根據需求選擇：

APPEND // 原先的表有數據 就加在后面
INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數據 sqlloader會停止 默認值
REPLACE // 原先的表有數據 原先的數據會全部刪除
TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現存數據
 

執行導入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的數據短短2s解決

執行導入后驗證數據

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     49988

導入成功

再執行一次導入操作，由于設置為追加

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     99976

記錄翻倍

sqlldr還有很多參數供選擇，比如log、bad這些，查看幫助即可

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

    userid -- ORACLE username/password   
   control -- control file name  
       log -- log file name      
       bad -- bad file name      
      data -- data file name     
   discard -- discard file name  
discardmax -- number of discards to allow  (Default all)
      skip -- number of logical records to skip    (Default 0)
      load -- number of logical records to load    (Default all)
    errors -- number of errors to allow    (Default 50)
      rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
       (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
  bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes  (Default 256000)
    silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
    direct -- use direct path      (Default FALSE)
   parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
  parallel -- do parallel load     (Default FALSE)
      file -- file to allocate extents from      
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions  (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable  (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued  (Default FALSE)
  readsize -- size of read buffer  (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE  (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array  (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes  (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path  
 resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session  (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE  (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache  (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords.  An example of the former case is "sqlldr
scott/tiger foo"; an example of the latter is "sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger".  One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords.  For example,
"sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log" is allowed, but
"sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log" is not, even though the
position of the parameter "log" is correct.

到此這篇關于oracle導出數據到文本、從文本導入數據的詳細步驟的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關oracle導出數據到文本內容請搜索以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持！