一、 Sharding-jdbc簡介“

Sharding-jdbc是開源的數據庫操作中間件；定位為輕量級Java框架，在Java的JDBC層提供的額外服務。它使用客戶端直連數據庫，以jar包形式提供服務，無需額外部署和依賴，可理解為增強版的JDBC驅動，完全兼容JDBC和各種ORM框架。

官方文檔地址：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/

本文demo實現了分庫分表功能。如有錯誤，歡迎各位在評論中指出。不勝感激！

二、項目結構

首先創建一個一般的Spring boot項目，項目采用三層架構，結構圖如下：

POM.xml文件如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.macky</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-shardingjdbc</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>spring-boot-shardingjdbc</name> <description>Demo project for spring-boot-shardingjdbc</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--mysql--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!--Mybatis-Plus--> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.1.1</version> </dependency> <!--shardingsphere start--> <!-- for spring boot --> <dependency> <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <!-- for spring namespace --> <dependency> <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <!--shardingsphere end--> <!--lombok--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

實體類以書本為例

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model;import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode;import lombok.Data;import lombok.experimental.Accessors; /** * @author Macky * @Title class Book * @Description: 書籍是實體類 * @date 2019/7/13 15:23 */@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)@Accessors(chain = true)@TableName('book')public class Book extends Model<Book> { private int id; private String name; private int count;}

開放保存和查詢兩個接口，代碼如下：

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.controller; import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.List; /** * @author Macky * @Title class BookController * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:53 */@RestControllerpublic class BookController { @Autowired BookService bookService; @RequestMapping(value = '/book', method = RequestMethod.GET) public List<Book> getItems(){ return bookService.getBookList(); } @RequestMapping(value = '/book',method = RequestMethod.POST) public Boolean saveItem(Book book){ return bookService.save(book); }}

BookServiceImpl.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper.BookMapper;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; /** * @author Macky * @Title class BookServiceImpl * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:47 */@Servicepublic class BookServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<BookMapper, Book> implements BookService { @Override public List<Book> getBookList() { return baseMapper.selectList(Wrappers.<Book>lambdaQuery()); } @Override public boolean save(Book book) { return super.save(book); }}

BookMapper.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book; /** * @author Macky * @Title class BookMapper * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:46 */public interface BookMapper extends BaseMapper<Book> {}

創建數據庫表，DDL語句如下

創建數據庫表數據CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db0`;USE `db0`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4; CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db1`;USE `db1`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4; CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db2`;USE `db2`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL, `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

配置分庫分表策略application.properties：

> 推薦一個艿艿寫的 3000+ Star 的 SpringCloud Alibaba 電商開源項目的倉庫：<https://github.com/YunaiV/onemall> # 數據源 db0,db1,db2sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=db0,db1,db2# 第一個數據庫sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.password=Aa123456 # 第二個數據庫sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.password=Aa123456 # 第三個數據庫sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.password=Aa123456 # 水平拆分的數據庫（表） 配置分庫 + 分表策略 行表達式分片策略# 分庫策略sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=idsharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=db$->{id % 3} # 分表策略 其中book為邏輯表 分表主要取決于id行sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.actual-data-nodes=db$->{0..2}.book_$->{0..2}sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=count# 分片算法表達式sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=book_$->{count % 3} # 主鍵 UUID 18位數 如果是分布式還要進行一個設置 防止主鍵重復#sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.user.key-generator-column-name=id # 打印執行的數據庫以及語句sharding.jdbc.config.props..sql.show=truespring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true #讀寫分離sharding.jdbc.datasource.dsmaster =

接口測試使用postman

示例：

GET請求------>http://localhost:8080/book POST請求：------->http://localhost:8080/book?id=1&name=java編程思想&count=8

demo的github地址：

https://github.com/Macky-He/spring-boot--shardingsphere-examples 如各位覺得有幫助的話，還請給個star鼓勵鼓勵博主，謝謝！

三、總結

分庫分表實現按照官方文檔做一個demo是第一步，如需深入還需要研究源碼，研究架構，研究思想；此文僅作為入門demo搭建指南，如需深入理解，還請移步至官方文檔。

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