項目簡介

本項目報名參加了“兗州中材杯”武漢理工大學第十一屆環保創意作品大賽藝術理念組比賽。組員共三名，本人負責代碼實現部分，其余兩人分別負責項目策劃與場景人物繪制。

項目背景

小組中負責策劃的同學經過一定的調研之后發現，我校在校學生普遍缺乏垃圾分類方面的知識。經過討論后，我們把游戲方向定位于“垃圾分類”，游戲類型定位于像素風游戲，由于本人水平和時間有限，只能將玩法設計得盡量簡單。感謝另外兩位組員，他們的努力掩蓋了我水平上的不足。

玩法介紹

家控制一名角色在操場背景上移動，垃圾桶在操場邊上。撿起垃圾丟進相應的垃圾桶內，若全部正確投放則游戲成功，否則游戲失敗。游戲期間，若有不清楚該作何分類的垃圾，則可以點擊圖書館的按鈕，進入圖書館查詢。圖書館提供垃圾圖鑒和分類標準兩種信息。垃圾圖鑒幫助玩家分辨自己撿到的垃圾，而分類標準指每種垃圾的定義及舉例。

項目成果

本項目在“兗州中材杯”武漢理工大學第十一屆環保創意作品大賽藝術理念組比賽中最終獲得了第五名、二等獎的成績，距第四名僅差0.5分。

項目實現

寫項目時本人僅自學了一個月的Python，且本人是大一新生，對計算機科學的基礎知識了解甚少，若代碼風格幼稚、愚蠢，還望讀者見諒。

模塊劃分

游戲按場景分為以下幾個模塊：開始游戲界面、游戲說明界面、人物選擇界面、操場界面（主要游戲場地）、圖書館外界面、圖書館內界面、游戲結束界面。

開始游戲界面：背景（像素化的學校建筑），游戲標題，三個按鈕（開始、游戲說明、退出）。

游戲說明界面：背景（與開始界面相同），游戲說明文字，返回按鈕。

人物選擇界面：背景，提示（選擇人物），兩個可選人物。

操場界面：背景，人物，垃圾桶，隨機產生的垃圾，圖書館按鈕。

圖書館外界面：背景（我校圖書館的像素風繪制）、操場按鈕（會到操場）、進入按鈕（進入圖書館內部）。

圖書館內界面：背景（我校圖書館內部），各類垃圾圖標按鈕（廚余垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾），垃圾圖鑒按鈕，返回按鈕。子界面：各類垃圾信息界面，垃圾圖鑒界面，返回按鈕。

游戲結束界面：勝利界面，失敗界面。

代碼實現

直接上代碼：

import pygame as pyimport sysimport randomfrom pygame.locals import *#===========================================================#========================前期準備===========================py.init()#注：游戲需要的所有文件（圖片等）都放在同游戲目錄的'Files'目錄下。#定義一個按鈕類class Button(py.rect.Rect): def __init__(self, obj): super().__init__(obj) def has(self, pos): if self.right >= pos[0] >= self.left and self.bottom >= pos[1] >= self.top: return True else: return Falsescreen = py.display.set_mode((1000, 650))#===========================================================#=========================圖書館內==========================def knowledge(selection): path = ’Filesinside_liberaryknowledge’ + str(selection) + ’.jpg’ know = py.image.load(path) know = py.transform.smoothscale(know,(1000,650)) screen.blit(know,(0,0)) exits = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryback.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72,72)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(918, 570)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) py.display.flip() #進入事件循環 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() #點擊離開該頁面 if exit_button.has(pos): selection = 0 break if not selection: breakdef inside_Liberary(): ilib = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryInside.jpg’) ilib = py.transform.smoothscale(ilib,(1000,650)) screen.blit(ilib,(0,0)) #退出圖書館的按鈕 exits = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryexit.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72,81)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(5, 560)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) #廚余垃圾按鈕 rubbish1 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish1.jpg’) rubbish1 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish1,(150,298)) rubbish1_button = screen.blit(rubbish1, (80,150)) rubbish1_button = Button(rubbish1_button) #可回收垃圾按鈕 rubbish2 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish2.jpg’) rubbish2 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish2,(150,298)) rubbish2_button = screen.blit(rubbish2, (310,150)) rubbish2_button = Button(rubbish2_button) #有害垃圾按鈕 rubbish3 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish3.jpg’) rubbish3 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish3,(150,298)) rubbish3_button = screen.blit(rubbish3, (540,150)) rubbish3_button = Button(rubbish3_button) #不可回收垃圾按鈕 rubbish4 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish4.jpg’) rubbish4 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish4,(150,298)) rubbish4_button = screen.blit(rubbish4, (770,150)) rubbish4_button = Button(rubbish4_button) #圖鑒按鈕 rubbish5 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish5.jpg’) rubbish5 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish5,(82, 72)) rubbish5_button = screen.blit(rubbish5, (903,560)) rubbish5_button = Button(rubbish5_button) py.display.flip() selection = -1 #進入事件循環 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() #點擊離開圖書館 if exit_button.has(pos): selection = 0 break #點擊廚余垃圾 if rubbish1_button.has(pos): selection = 1 break #點擊可回收垃圾 if rubbish2_button.has(pos): selection = 2 break #點擊有害垃圾 if rubbish3_button.has(pos): selection = 3 break #點擊不可回收垃圾 if rubbish4_button.has(pos): selection = 4 break #點擊圖鑒 if rubbish5_button.has(pos): selection = 5 break if selection != -1: break if selection: knowledge(selection) inside_Liberary()#===========================================================#=========================圖書館外==========================def outside_Liberary(): olib = py.image.load(’Filesoutside_liberaryOutside.jpg’) olib = py.transform.smoothscale(olib,(1000,650)) screen.blit(olib,(0,0)) #進入圖書館的按鈕 enter = py.image.load(’Filesoutside_liberaryenter_lib.jpg’) enter = py.transform.smoothscale(enter,(72, 72)) enter_button = screen.blit(enter,(470,550)) enter_button = Button(enter_button) #退出圖書館的按鈕 exits = py.image.load(’Filesoutside_liberaryplayground.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72, 51)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(5, 590)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) py.display.flip() selection = -1 #進入事件循環 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() #點擊返回操場 if exit_button.has(pos): selection = 0 break #點擊進入圖書館 if enter_button.has(pos): selection = 1 break if selection != -1: break if selection: inside_Liberary() outside_Liberary()#===========================================================#==========================游戲幫助=========================def help_page(): background = py.image.load(’Fileshelpbackground.jpg’) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background,(0,0)) #返回按鈕 exits = py.image.load(’Fileshelpback.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72,57)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(5, 585)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) py.display.flip() back = 0 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if exit_button.has(pos): back = 1 break if back: break #===========================================================#==========================游戲結束=========================def game_over(result): path = ’Filesgame_overresult’ + str(result) + ’.jpg’ background = py.image.load(path) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background,(0,0)) py.display.flip() temp = 0 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: temp = 1 break if temp: break#===========================================================#==========================操場環節=========================choices = [’01’, ’02’, ’11’, ’12’, ’21’, ’22’, ’31’]class Rubbish(): def __init__(self, sort): self.sort = sort self.img = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + sort + ’.jpg’) x = random.randint(100, 1400) y = random.randint(110, 900) self.position = self.img.get_rect() self.position = self.position.move((x, y)) screen.blit(self.img, self.position)class Role(): def __init__(self, role): self.r_side = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + role + ’1.jpg’) self.r_walk = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + role + ’2.jpg’) self.l_side = py.transform.flip(self.r_side, True, False) self.l_walk = py.transform.flip(self.r_walk, True, False) self.img = self. r_side self.position = self.img.get_rect() screen.blit(self.img, self.position) self.rubbish = None def move(self, key): if key == K_UP: if self.position.top <= 200: return (0, 2) else: self.position = self.position.move(0, -2) return 0 if key == K_DOWN: if self.position.bottom >= 450: return (0, -2) else: self.position = self.position.move(0, 2) return 0 if key == K_RIGHT: if self.position.right >= 800: return (-2, 0) else: self.position = self.position.move(2, 0) return 0 if key == K_LEFT: if self.position.left <= 200: return (2, 0) else: self.position = self.position.move(-2, 0) return 0 class Trash_can(): def __init__(self, num): self. num = num self.img = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + str(num) + ’.jpg’) self.img = py.transform.smoothscale(self.img,(100, 92)) self.position = self.img.get_rect() self.position = self.position.move((100 + num*200, 0)) screen.blit(self.img, self.position)def playground(selection): background = py.image.load(’FilesplaygroundPlayground.jpg’) screen.blit(background, [0, 0]) lib = py.image.load(’Filesplaygroundliberary.jpg’) lib = py.transform.smoothscale(lib, (78, 72)) lib_button = screen.blit(lib, (900, 10)) lib_button = Button(lib_button) trash_can = [] for num in range(0, 4): trash_can.append(Trash_can(num)) role = Role(selection) rubbish = [] for sort in choices: rubbish.append(Rubbish(sort)) py.display.flip() down = 0 go = None move_bg = [0, 0] temp = 0 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if lib_button.has(pos): outside_Liberary() if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key in (K_UP, K_DOWN, K_RIGHT, K_LEFT): if event.key == K_RIGHT: role.img = role.r_side elif event.key == K_LEFT: role.img = role.l_side down = 1 go = event.key if event.type == KEYUP and event.key == go: if event.key == K_RIGHT: role.img = role.r_side elif event.key == K_LEFT: role.img = role.l_side down = 0 take = role.position.collidelist([each.position for each in rubbish]) if take >= 0 and not role.rubbish: role.rubbish = rubbish[take].sort[0] del rubbish[take] put = role.position.collidelist([each.position for each in trash_can]) if put >= 0 and role.rubbish: if role.rubbish == str(trash_can[put].num): role.rubbish = None if not len(rubbish): game_over(1) break else: game_over(2) break if down: moved = role.move(go) temp += 1 if not temp % 20: if role.img == role.r_side: role.img = role.r_walk elif role.img == role.r_walk: role.img = role.r_side elif role.img == role.l_side: role.img = role.l_walk else: role.img = role.l_side if moved: if 0 >= moved[0] + move_bg[0] >= -497 and 0 >= moved[1] + move_bg[1] >= -326: for i in range(2): move_bg[i] += moved[i] for each in rubbish: each.position = each.position.move(moved) for each in trash_can: each.position = each.position.move(moved) elif role.position.left - moved[0] >= 0 and role.position.right - moved[0] <= 1000 and role.position.top - moved[1] >= 0 and role.position.bottom - moved[1] <= 650: role. position = role.position.move([-i for i in moved]) screen.blit(background, move_bg) lib = py.image.load(’Filesplaygroundliberary.jpg’) lib = py.transform.smoothscale(lib, (78, 72)) lib_button = screen.blit(lib, (900, 10)) lib_button = Button(lib_button) for each in trash_can: screen.blit(each.img, each.position) for each in rubbish: screen.blit(each.img, each.position) screen.blit(role.img, role.position) py.display.flip()#===========================================================#==========================選擇人物=========================def choose_role(): background = py.image.load(’Fileschoose_playerbackground.jpg’) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background, (0, 0)) man = py.image.load(’Fileschoose_playerman.jpg’) man = py.transform.smoothscale(man,(123, 325)) man_button = screen.blit(man,(200, 200)) man_button = Button(man_button) woman = py.image.load(’Fileschoose_playerwoman.jpg’) woman = py.transform.smoothscale(woman,(113, 325)) woman_button = screen.blit(woman,(687, 200)) woman_button = Button(woman_button) py.display.flip() while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if man_button.has(pos): return ’man’ if woman_button.has(pos): return ’woman’ #===========================================================#========================開始游戲界面========================def start(): background = py.image.load(’Filesstartbackground.jpg’) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background, (0, 0)) start_game = py.image.load(’Filesstartstart_game.jpg’) start_game = py.transform.smoothscale(start_game,(140, 149)) start_button = screen.blit(start_game,(150, 330)) start_button = Button(start_button) game_help = py.image.load(’Filesstartgame_help.jpg’) game_help = py.transform.smoothscale(game_help,(280, 182)) help_button = screen.blit(game_help,(380, 320)) help_button = Button(help_button) quit_game = py.image.load(’Filesstartquit_game.jpg’) quit_game = py.transform.smoothscale(quit_game,(200,160)) quit_button = screen.blit(quit_game,(680, 330)) quit_button = Button(quit_button) py.display.flip() while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if start_button.has(pos): role = choose_role() playground(role) break elif help_button.has(pos): help_page() break elif quit_button.has(pos): sys.exit() break start()start()

游戲效果

游戲演示如下：

點此觀看視頻：垃圾分類小游戲

總結

這個游戲是本人第一次寫出一百行以上的代碼，寫完后沒來得及進行進一步的優化就提交了項目。

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